bá, see bégen.

baldor, see bealdor.

balu, see bealu.

bám, see bégen.

bán, n., bone; ds. -e, 2578; dp. -um, 2692 (of the dragon's tusks) [OS, OFrs. bén, Ger. bein, ON. bein]

bana, wk.m., (bane), slayer, killer, murderer; ns. bana 2613, bona 1743, 2082, 2506, 2824; gs. banan, [158]; ds. banan, 1102, tó banan weorðan, kill, slay: 587, 2203 (bonan); as. bonan, 1968, 2485; gp. banena, 2053. -Cpds.: ecg-, feorh-, gást-, hand-, múð-. [OS. bano, OFrs. bona, OHG. bano, ON. bani < < (Seebold:) IE. *g^wnon- < IE. *g^when- 'to strike, to skill' (Watkins 35:g^wen-/Pokorny 2. g^uen-(9)- 126); cf. Skt. han-/ghnan- (ghn-anti 'they kill/strike'), Per. jan-, Hit. kuen-, Toch.-A. kunaç(-), O.Ir. gon-, Arm. jnem(-), Gr. πεφν; ('slayer') Skt. ghanás, Gmc. bana, Gr. φονος; MnE. gun < ON. gunnr 'war' < Gmc. *gunthjó- 'war, battle' < IE. g^whn-tyá-. See also: IE. formula *e-g^wen-t og^whim 'he slew the serpent', see further Watkins-Dragon 301 ff.]

bán-cofa*, wk.m., body, (bone-chamber); chest; ds. -cofan, 1445. [cofa 'chamber'; cove]

bán-fág**, adj., adorned with bone (antlers?); asn., 780.

bán-fæt*, n., body, (bone-vat); ap. -fatu, 1116. [fæt 'vessel']

bán-helm**, m., bone-helmet (or -protection), i.e. shield(?); [F. 30].

bán-hring*, m., vertebra, (bone ring); ap., -as, 1567.

bán-hús*, n., body, (bone-house); as. (p.?), 2508; ap., 3147 (sg. meaning).

bán-loca*, wk.m., muscle, flesh; (bone-lock); joint (?); body; np. -locan, 818; ap. (s.?) ~, 742.

ge-bannan, redup., w/ dat. of person & acc. of thing, bid, order; 74. [ban]

ge-barn, seege-byrnan.

bát, m., boat, ship; 211. [Dut. boot, Ger. Boot, Dan. baad, Sw. bát, Icel. bátr] -Cpd.:saé-.

bát-weard**, m., boat-guard, boat-keeper; ds. -e, 1900.

baédan, w1., compel, urge on; pret. 3 sg. baédde 2018 (n.); pp. (strengum) gebaéded, 3117;-press hard, oppress; pp. (bysigum) gebaéded, 2580; (bealwe) ~, 2826. [Go. baidjan, OHG. ga-peitian, OS. bédian, ON. beiða]

baél(*), n., fire, flame; ds. -e, 2308, 2322;--funeral fire, pyre; ds. -e, 2803; as. baél, 1109, 1116, 2126 (bél), 2818. [cf. bale (fr. ON. bál)]

baél-fýr*, n., funeral fire; gp. -a, 3143.

baél-stede**, m. -i., place of the pyre; ds., 3097.

baél-wudu**, m. -u., wood for the funeral pyre; as., 3112.

baér, f., bier; 3105. [beran]

(ge-)baétan, w1., bridle, bit, (saddle?); pp. gebaéted, 1399. [bítan; bait, fr. ON. beita]

bæð, n., bath; as. ganotes ~ (='sea'), 1861. [OS. bath, Ger. bad, MHG. bat, ON. bað]

be, bí (1188, 1956, 2538, 2716, 2756, big 3047), prep., w/ dat. (instr.: 1722); (1) local: by, beside, near, along, to (rest, motion); 36, 566, 1188, 1191, 1573, 1905, 2242, 2262, 2538, 2543, 2264, 2538, 2542, 2716, 2756; follwing its case (prep.-adv.): him big, 3047; be saém twéonum, between the seas (=on earth), 858, 1297, 1685, 1956; (geféng) be eaxle, 1537; similarly, 814, 1574, 1647, 1872.--(2) temporal: be ðé lifigendum, 'during your life', 2665.--(3) Other uses: in comparison with, 1284; according to:, be fæder láre, 1950; (ðú þé laér) be þon, from this, thereby, 1722; (with reference to,) for the sake of: be þé, 1723. [Go. bi, Ger. bei]

be-, bi-, prefix, (1) specialises the meaning of a tr. verb; (2) makes an intr. verb transitive; (3) is privative (e.g. daélan, 'to mete out'; bedaélan, 'to take away'); (4) does not alter the meaning (e.g. becuman). béacen, n. sign, token, (beacon); béacen godes (=sun?), 570; as. bécn (=monument), 3160; gp. béacna (banner, standard), 2777.

(ge-)béacnian, w2., point out, shew; betoken, indicate; (beckon); pp. gebéacnod, 140.

beado, -u, *, f. -wó., war, battle, fighting, strife; 2299; gs. beadwe, 1539; gp. (?) beadwa, 709. [OHG. badu-, pato-, ON. böð; Skt. badh 'to kill']

beado-gríma**, wk.m., war-mask, war-helmet; as. -gríman, 2257. see grím-helm.

beado-hrægl**, n., war-garment, coat of mail(?); 552.

beado-léoma**, wk.m., battle-light, i.e. (flashing) sword; 1523. (cp. 2492, F. 35f.; ON. gunnlogi).

beado-méce**, m. -ja., war-sword, battle-sword, ("war-maiche", see pictoral guide/glossary); -mécas, 1454.

beado-rinc*, m., warrior, battle-man; gp. -a, 1109.

beadu-folm**, f., battle-hand; as. -e, 990.

beadu-lác*, n., war-sport, battle-play; battle; ds. -e, 1561. see (ge-)lác, lácan.

beadu-róf*, adj., bold in battle; gsm. -es, 3160.

beadu-rún**, f., battle-rune; (aggressive word/speech?); as., 501.

beadu-scearp**, adj., battle-sharp; asn., 2704.

beadu-scrúd**, n., (battle-shroud), war-garment; mail-coat; gp. -a, 453.

beadu-serce**, wk.f., (battle-sark), coat of mail; as. -sercean, 2755.

béag, béah, m., (precious) ring, circlet; bracelet, collar; used of interlocked rings serving as currency; ns. béah (necklace), 1211, so gs. béages, 1216; ds. béage (diadem?, crown?), 1163; as. béah, 2041 (n.), 2812, bég (collect.), 3163; np. béagas, 3014; gp. béaga, 2284, locenra béaga, 2995, béaga bryttan, 35, 352, 1487; ap. béagas, 523, 2370, 3105, ~ daélde, 80, ~ geaf, 1719, 2635 (things of value), 3009, similarly, 1750. [OE. búgan; OS. bóg, ON. baugr, MHG. boug, bouc, OHG. pouc, OFris. bág, Prov. bauc; Skt. bhóga-; cf. Lat. fugio, Yid. bagel 'little ring'] --Cpds.: earm-, heals-.

béag-gyfa*, wk.m., ring-giver; lord, king; gs. -gyfan, 1102. [Cp. Heliand: bóg-gebo]

béag-hroden*, adj. (pp.), ring-adorned (cp. 1163?); 623. [hréodan]

béah, see béag, búgan.

béah-hord**, n., ring-hoard, treasure; gs. -es, 894; gp. -a, 921; dp. -um, 2826.

béah-sele*, m. -i., ring-hall, hall (in which rings are given); 1177.

béah-ðegu**, f., receiving of a ring; ds. -ðege, 2176. [þicgan]

béah-wriða**, wk.m., ring-band, ring, circlet; as. -wriðan, 2018. [wríðan]

bealdian**, w2., show oneself brave/bold, bear oneself's bravely; pret. 3 sg. bealdode, 2177. [Go. balþjan]

bealdor*, m., (prec. by gen. pl.), prince, lord; (shining one?); 2567; baldor, 2428. [cp. ON. Baldr; rel. to OE. beald(?)]

bealo, bealu, (*), adj. -wa., baleful, evil, pernicious; dp. balwon, 977. [Go. balweins]

bealo, bealu, (*), n. (orig. neut. of adj.), (bale), evil, misery, affliction, destruction; ds. bealwe, 2826; gp. bealwa 909, bealewa 2082, bealuwa 281. [OS. balu, OFrs. balu, OHG. balo, Go. balweins 'punishment, pain', ON. böl; cf. Slav. böl 'pain'] --Cpds.: cwealm-, ealdor-, feorh-, hreþer-, léod-, morð-, morðor-, niht-, sweord-, wíg-.

bealo-cwealm**, m., baleful death; 2265.

bealo-hycgende**, adj. (pres. ptc.), intending evil, hostile; gp. -hycendra, 2565.

bealo-hýdig**, adj., intending evil, hostile; 723.

bealo-níð*, m., baleful enmity, wickedness; ds. -níð[e] ('with fierce rage'), 2714; as. -níð, 1758; dire affliction, ns. -níð, 2404.

Béan-stán, m., father of Breca; gs. -es, 524. [Icel. bauni 'shark', 'dogfish' (or OE. béan 'bean'?); stán 'stone']

bearhtm,, m.(?), (1) brightness; 1766.--(2) sound, noise; as., 1431.

bearm, m., bosom, lap; ns. foldan bearm (cp. Lat. 'gremium'), 1137; ds. bearme, 40; as. bearm, 1144, 2194, 2775, (on) bearm scipes (nacan), 35, 214, 896; possession, ds. rme, 21 (n.), bearme 2404. [OE. beran; Go. barm-s, OS. OHG. barm]

be-arn, 67, see be-irnan.

bearn, n., child, son; 888, 910, 1837; bearn Ecgþéowes, 529, 631, 957, 1383, 1473, 1651, 1817, 1999, 2177, 2425, similarly, 469, 499, 2387; ds. bearne, 2370; as. bearn, 1546, 2121, 2619; np. bearn, 59, 1189, 1408, 2184 (Géata ~), 2597, 3170; gp. bearna, 2433; dp. bearnum, 1074; ap. bearn: Éotena ~, 1088, 1141; 2956; besides, plural in set (bibl.?) expressions, 'sons/children of men': ylda (yldo) bearn (np.) 70, ~ -um (dp.) 150, ~ bearn (ap.) 606; gumena bearn (np.) 878, ~ -a (gp.) 1367; niþða bearna (gp.) 1005; hæleða bearna (gp.) 2224. [beran; Sc. "bairn", Go. barn, OS. barn, OFrs. bern, OHG. barn] -Cpd.: dryht-.

bearn-gebyrdo**, wk.f. (Siev. §267 n.4), child-bearing; gs., 946 [birth]

bearu, m. -wa., grove, wood; np. bearwas, 1363. [ON. börr]

béatan, redup., beat, strike, pound; pres. 3 sg. béateð, 2265; pp. gebéaten, 2359.

be-béodan, II, command, order, bid; pret. 3 sg. bebéad, 401, 1975.

be-beorgan, III, w/ refl. dat., protect/guard oneself, 1746; w/ acc. of thing (against), imp. sg. bebeorh, 1758.

be-búgan, II, encompass, surround; pres. 3 sg. bebúgeð, 93, 1223.

be-bycgan, w1., sell (on w/ acc., for); pret. 1 sg. bebohte, 2799.

be-ceorfan(**)+, III, w/ acc. of pers. & dat. (instr.) of thing, cut off (deprive by cutting); pret. 1 sg. (héafde) becearf, 2136; 3 sg. (~) ~, 1590. [carve]

bécn, see béacen.

be-cuman, IV, come; approach, arrive, enter; pret. 3 sg. becóm, 115, 192, 2552 (w/ inf), 2992, becwóm 1254, 2116, 2365 (w/ inf); w/ acc.: befall, pret. 3 sg. becwóm, 2883.

bed(d), n. -ja., bed; gs. beddes, 1791; as. bed, 140, 676; dp. beddum, 1240. --Cpds.: déað-, hlim-, leger-, morðor-, wæl-. [<*badja-, cf. Go. badi, Ger. Bett]

ge-bedda, wk.m.f., bed-fellow; ds. gebeddan, 665. --Cpd.: heals-.

be-daélan, w1., w/ dat. (instr.) of thing, deprive; pp. bedaéled, 721, 1275.

be-fæstan, w1., entrust, commit, give over; 1115.

be-feallan, redup., fall; pp. befeallen, w/ dat. (instr.), (**) deprived, bereft, 1126, 2256.

be-fléon, II, flee from, escape; ger. blefléönne, 1003.

be-fón, redup., seize, encompass, encircle, envelop; pp. befongen, 976, 1451, 2009 (bi-), 2595; befangen, 129, 2274, 2323.

be-foran,
I. adv., before, in front; 1411, 2497.
II prep., w/ acc., before, into the presence of; 1024.

bég, see béag.

be-gang, see be-gong.

bégen, num., both; 536, 769, 2707; gm. béga, 1124, gn. béga 1043, 1873, 2895; dm. bám, 2196, 2660; af. bá, 1305, 2063. [Go. bai, ba]

be-géotan, II, pour over, anoint, infuse, flood (with), sprinkle; pret 3 sg. begeat, 2230(?).

be-gitan, V, get, obtain; pret. 3 pl. begéaton, 2249; come upon, happen to, befall; pret. 3 sg. begeat, 1068, 1146, 2232(??), beget 2217(?), 2872; opt. 3 sg. begéate, 2130.

be-gnornian**, w2., lament, bemoan, mourn for; pret. 3 pl. begnornodon, 3178.

be-gong, m., circuit, compass, expanse, region; as. (swegles) begong 860, 1773, (flóda) begong 1497, ~ begang 1826, (geofenes) begang 362, (sioleða) bigong 2367.

be-gylpan**, III, w/ acc., boast, exult; 2006.

be-healdan, redup., guard, hold, occupy; pret. 3 sg. behéold, 1498; attend to, ([-]nytte) ~, 494, 667; look, observe, (behold), ~, 736.

be-helan, IV, hide; pp. beholen, 414. [cp. Ger. hehlen]

be-hófian, w2., w/ gen., have need of, require; (behoove); pres. 3 sg. behófað, 2647.

be-hón, redup., hang (round/about with, instr.): pp. behongen, 3139. [Go. hahan]

be-hréosan, II, fall; pp. (w/ dat. [instr.]), apm. behrorene, **deprived, 2762.

be-irnan, III, run (into); pret. 3 sg.: him on mód bearn, 'came into his mind' ('occurred' to him), 67. [Go. rinnan]

bél, see baél. be-léan, VI, (blame); w/ dat. of pers. & acc. of thing, dissuade/keep from (doing something); 511.

be-léosan*, II, lose; pp. (w/ dat. [instr.]) beloren, deprived, 1073. [see losian]

(ge-)belgan, III, enrage; pret. opt.3 sg. gebulge (w/ dat.), offend, provoke, 2331; pp. gebolgen, enraged, angry; 2401, ðá (þæt) hé gebolgen wæs: 723, 1539, [2220], 25551, similarly, 2304; np. gebolgne, 1431. [originally, 'swell'; cp. b(i)elg 'bag'] see bolgen-mód.

be-limpan(**)+, III, w/ dat., happen, befall; pret. 3 sg. belamp, 2468.

be-lúcan, II, lock up, close; pret. 3 sg. beléac, 1132; protect against (dat.), 1 sg. ~, 1770.

be-murnan*, III, mourn over, bewail, deplore; pret. 3 sg. bemearn, 907, 1077.

ben(n)*, f. -jó., wound; as. benne, 2724. [OE. bana; Go. banja, ON. ben, OS. beni-wunda] see wund. -Cpds.: feorh-, sex-.

bén, f. -i., petition, request; boon [fr. ON. bón], favour; gs. -e, 428, 2284.

béna, wk.m., petitioner, petitioning; ~ wesan, ask, request: béna, 352, 3140; np. bénan, 364.

benc, f. -i., bench; 492; ds. bence, 1188, 1243, bugon þá tó bence: 327, 1013. -Cpds.: ealo-, medu-. [ON. bekk-r, OFris. bank, benk, OHG. banc; Gmc. > Sp. Port. banco, Fr. banc]

benc-swég**, m. -i., bench-noise, convivial noise, sound of rejoicing (in the hall); 1161.

benc-þel**, n., bench-plank; pl. -þelu, floor on which benches are placed (or: benches?); np. 486, ap. 1239.

bend, f. -jó., (m. -i.), bond, fetter; as. 1609; dp. -um, 977. [OE. bindan; Go. bandi 'bond, fetter', OFris. bend(e), ON. OS. band, OHG. bant; Skt. bandha- 'bond' (Turner 9136) > Pa. bandha-, Pk. bãdha- > Hn. Nep. bá~dh 'dam, [workers'] strike', Nep. bãdho- 'pledge, what is promised to a god'] -Cpds.: ancor-, fýr-, hell-, hyge-, íren-, searo-, wæl-.

be-nemnan, w1., declare, stipulate; pret. 3 sg. (áðum) benemde, 1097; lay a curse on something (?) (cp. begalan), declare (more likely), pret. 3 pl. benemdon, 3069.

be-néotan*, II, deprive of (dat. [instr.]); (aldre) ~, 680; pret. 3 sg. (~) binéat, 2396.

ben-geat**, n., wound-opening, (wound-gate), gash; np. -geato, 1121.

be-niman, IV, rob, deprive of (dat. [instr.]); pret. 3 sg. benam, 1886.

béodan, II, (1) offer, tender, give, (bid [as in cards]); 385; pret. 3 pl. budon, 1085; pp. boden, 2957. (2) announce; bíodan, 2892. [see biddan] -Cpds.: á-, be-.

ge-béodan, II, (1) offer, show; 603; pret. 3 sg. gebéad, 2369. (2) announce, bid, command; gebéodan, 3110.

béod-genéat**, m., table-companion; np. -as, 343; ap. -as, 1713. [béodan; (but cp. Go. biuþs); néotan, cp. Ger. Genosse]

béon, béo(ð), see eom.

beor, n. beer, strong drink; ds. béore, 480, 531; æt béore, 'at the beer-drinking/"beering"', 2041.

beorg, beorh, m., (1) hill, cliff, elevated shore; ds. beorge, 211, 3143; ap. beorgas, 222. (2) mound, barrow, cave; ns. beorh, 2241; gs. beorges, 2304, 2322, 2524, 2580, 2755, biorges, 3066; ds. beorge 2529, 2546, 2559, 2842; as. beorh, 2299, 3097; (Bíowulfes) biorh, 2807; beorg, 3163; ap. biorgas, 2272. [Go. baírgahei] -Cpds.: stán-, Hréosna-.

beorgan, III, w/ dat., preserve, save, protect; 1293, 1445; pret. 3 pl. burgan, 2599. -Cpds.: be-, ymb-.

ge-beorgan, III, w/ dat., protect; pret. 3 sg. gebearh 1558, gebearg 2570.

beorh, see beorg.

beorht, adj., bright, shining; splendid, glorious, magnificent; 1802, nsn. 570; nsm.wk. beorhta, 1177; nsn.wk. beorhte, 997; gsf. beorhtre, 158; dsf.wk. byrhtan, 1177; asm. beorhtne, 2803; dpf. beorhtum, 3140; apm. beorhte, 231; apf. beorhte, 214, 896; apn. beorht, 2313; apm.wk. beorhtan, 1243. Supl. beorhtost, 2777. [Go. baírhts, OS. berht, OHG. peraht, MHG. berht, ON. biartr; cp. L. fulgeo, flagrare, Gr. φλεγειν 'to burn', Skt. bhráj- 'to shine', bhargas 'splendour, brightness'] -Cpds.: sadol-, wlite-.

Beorht-Dene, see Dene.

beorhte, adv., brightly; 1517.

beorhtian, w2., **sound clearly/loudly; pret. 3 sg. beorhtode, 1161. [beorht; cp. meaning of -torht 2553]

beorn, 1880, see byrnan.

beorn*, m., man, hero, warrior; 2433, biorn, 2559; ds. beorne, 2260; as. beorn, 1024, 1296, 2121; np. -as, 211, 856; gp. beorna 2220, biorna 2400. [Dan., Swed., Icel. björn 'a bear'] -Cpd.:gúð-.

beorn-cyning**, m., hero-king; king of men; vs., 2148.

béor-scealc**, m., beer-drinker, feaster; (beer-server (??), butler (??)); gp. -a, 1240. (see scealc)

béor-sele(*), m. -i., beer-hall, banquet/feast-hall; ds. (in, on) béorsele, 782, 492, 1094, (~) bíorsele, 2635.

béor-þegu*, f., (beer-taking), beer-drinking; ds. -þege, 117, 617. [þicgan]

béot, n., boast, promise; as., 80, 523. [*bí-hát, Go. bihait, cp. hátan; Siev. §43 n.4]

ge-béotian, w2., boast, vow; pret. 1 pl. gebéotedon, 536; 3 pl. ~, 480.

béot-word*, n., vow, boast, word of boasting; dp. -um, 2510.

Béow(ulf), m., Danish king, son of Scyld; 18, 53. [perh. scribal error for Béow 'barley'; see n.4, n.18, & Björkman]

Béowulf, Bíowulf, m., (Béowulf Géata 676, 1191), the hero of the poem: Geatish warrior (and later king), son of Ecgþéow & kinsman of Hygelác; (the ío form is confined to the second part of the MS., in which it is regularly used with the exception of ll. 1971, 2207, 2510) --ns., 343 (Béowulf is mín nama), 405, 506, 529, 631, 676, 957, 1024, 1191, 1299, 1310, 1383, 1441, 1473, 1651, 1817, 1880, 1999, 2359, 2425, 2510, 2724; gs. -es, 501, 795, 856, 872 & 1971 (síð Béowulfes), 2194, 2681, 2807 (Bíowulfes biorh); ds. -e, 609, 623, 818, 1020, 1043, 1051, 2207, 2324, 2842, 2907, 3066, [3151]; as. -, 364, 653, 2389; vs. -, 946; wine mín B.: 457, 1704; B. léofa: 1216, 1758; léofa B.: 1854, 1987, 2663. --note: Béowulf maðelode: 405, 2510, 2724; Béowulf maþelode, bearn Ecgþéowes: 529, 631, 957, 1383, 1473, 1651, 1817, 1999, 2425. ['Bee-Wolf' (='Bear') : béo, bío 'bee'; wulf 'wolf' - see n.343]

beran, IV, bear, carry, wear, bring; (w/ objects denoting armour or weapons something=go); 48, 231, 291, 1024, 1807, 1920, 2152, 2518, 2754; pres. 3 sg. byreð, 296, 448, 2055; [3 pl. berað, F. 5]; pres. opt. 1 sg. bere, 437, 1834; 1 pl. beren, 2653; pret. 3 sg. bær, 495, 711, 846, 896, 1405, 1506, 1982, 2021, 2048, 2244, 2281, 2539, 2661, 2686, 2988, 3124; 3 pl. baéron, 213, 1635, 1889, 2365, baéran 2850; [opt. 3 sg. baére, F. 20]; pp. boren, 1192, 1647, 3135. [Go. baíran, ON. bera; cf. Gr. φηρηιν 'children', Skt. bhri- 'to bear'] -Cpds.: æt-, for-, on-, oþ-, helm-, sáwl-berend.

ge-beran, IV, bear (child); pp. geboren, 1703.

be-réafian, w2., w/ dat. (instr.), bereave, despoil, deprive; pp. beréafod, 2746, 2825, 3018.

be-réofan*, II, w/ dat. (instr.), deprive; pp. asf. berofene, 2457, 2931. [cp. be-réafian]

berian**, w1., bare, clear, clear away; pret. 3 pl. beredon, 1239. [bare fr. *barian]

berstan, III, break, burst(intr.); [F. 30]; pret. 3 pl. burston, 760, 818; burst open, ~, 1121. -Cpd.: for-.

be-scúfan, II, shove, thrust; 184.

be-settan, w1., set about, adorn; pret. 3 sg. besette, 1453.

be-sittan, V, besiege; pret. 3 sg. besæt, 2936.

be-smiþian(**)(+), w2., (surround with a smith's iron work), fasten; pp. besmiþod, 775.

be-snyððan(**)(+), w1., desprive (dat. [isntr.], of); pret. 3 sg. besnyðede, 2924. [cp. ON. snauðr 'bereft', 'poor', sneyða 'deprive']

be-stýman*, w1., wet; pp. (blóde) bestýmed, 486. [stéam (steam); cp. Dream of the Rood 62]

be-swaélen, w1., scorch, burn; pp. beswaéled, 3041. [swelan]

be-syrwan, w1., ensnare, entrap, trick; 713; pp. besyre[d], 2218; contrive, accomplish,, inf. besyrwan, 942. [searu]

ge-bétan, w1., improve, remedy, cure, amend, repair, compensate, atone; pret. 2 sg. gebéttest, 1991; pret. 3 sg. (or pp. asf.?) gebétte, 830; put right, settle (by punishment), faéghðe gebétan, 2465. [bót]

betera, betost, betst, see gód.

be-timbran**, w1., build, construct, ("betimber"); pret. 3 pl. betimbredon, 3159. (cp. be-wyrcan)

bet-líc*, adj., excellent, splendid; nsn., 1925; asn., [780]. [cp. betera]

be-wægnan**, w1, offer; pp. bewægned, 1194.

be-wennan**, w1., attend to, entertain; pp. np. bewenede 1821, biwenede 2035. (see wennan)

be-weotian, see be-witian.

be-werian, w1., protect, defend against (dat.); pret. opt. 3 pl. beweredon, 938.

be-windan, III, wind about, grasp, bind, enclose, encircle, mingle; pret. 3 sg. bewand, 1461; pp. bewunden, 1031, 2424, 3022, 3052, 3146.

be-witian, w2., watch, observe, attend to, watch over; pres. 3 pl. bewitiað, 1135; pret. 3 sg. beweotode, 2212, beweote<d>e, 1796; perform, pres. 3 pl. bewitigað, 1428. [cp. be-witan, prp.; Go. witan, w3]

be-wyrcan, w1., build around, surround; pret. 3 pl. beworhton, 3161.

bí, see be.

bicgan, see bycgan.

bid*, n., abiding, halt; as.: on bid wrecen, brought to bay, 2962.

bídan, I, bide, wait, stay, remain, dwell; 2308; pret. 3 sg. bád, 87, 301, 310, 1313, 2568; 3 pl. bidon, 400; --await, wait for (gen.); inf., 482, 528, 1268, 1494; pret. 1 sg. bád, 2736; 3 sg. ~, 82, 709, 1882. [Go. beidan] --Cpds.: á-, on-.

ge-bídan, I, await; imp. pl. gebíde, 2529;--wait for (gen.); ger. gebídanne, 2452;--live to see, experience, live through; w/ acc.: inf., 638, 934, 1060, 1386, 2342; pret. 1 sg. gebád, 929, [F. 25]; 3 sg. ~, 7, 264, 815, 1618, 2258, 3116; pp. gebiden, 1928; w/ þæt-clause: pret. 1 sg. gebád, 1779, 3 sg. ~, 1720, ger. gebídanne, 2445.

biddan, V, ask, request, entreat, bid [from blending of biddan and béodan]; abs.: pres. 1 sg. bidde, 1231; pret. 3 sg. bæd, 29; w/ gen. of thing: inf., 427, pret. 3 sg. bæd, 2282; w/ acc. and inf. (understood): pret. 3 sg. bæd, 617; w/ þæt-clause: pret. 1 sg. bæd, 1994, 3 sg. ~, 3096, 3 pl. baédon, 176; cp. 427ff. [Go. bidjan, OS. biddian, OHG. bittan, etc.; cp. Ved. Skt. jñubádh- 'kneeling for prayer', ON. knébeðr 'hassock', OS. kneobeda 'prayer (while kneeling)', ? Toch.-A. poto 'veneration', ? Toch.-B. peti 'veneration']

bi-fón, see be-fón.

big, see be.

bi-gong, see be-gong.

bil(l), n., *sword, (bill); blade; bil, 1567, bill, 2777; gs. billes, 2060, 2485, 2508; ds. -e, 2359; as. bil, 1557, bill, 2621; gp. -a, 583, 1144; dp. -um, 40. [OS. bil, OHG. bil, billi < Gmc. *biljo < IE. *bhil-?/*bhild-? 'split, cleave' (Watkins 9:bhei9-/Pokorny bhei(9)- 117); cf. Skt. bheda 'breaking, splitting, cleaving, hitting'] --Cpds.: gúð-, hilde-, wíg-.

bindan, III, bind, join; pp. gebunden, 1743, 2111, apn. 871; asm.: wudu bendenne, 216; asn.:bunden golde (swurd), 1900, similarly, gebunden 1531, nsm.: heoru bunden, 1285 (perhaps 'adorned with a gold ring'?) [Go. bindan; Skt. bandhati 'he binds' (Turner 9139) > Hn. bá~dhná 'to bind', Nep. bá~dhnu 'to bind'] -Cpd.: on-.

ge-bindan, III, bind; pret. 1 sg. geband, 421.

bi-néotan, see be-néotan.

bío(ð), see béon.

bíodan, see béodan.

bíor-, see béor-.

biorh, see beorg.

biorn(-), see beorn(-).

bis(i)gu, see bysigu.

bítan, I, cut, bite; 1454, 1523; pret. 3 sg. bát, 742, 2578. [Go. beitan, cp. Lat. findere]

bite, m. -i., bite, cut; ds., 2060; as., 2259. --Cpd.: láð-.

biter, adj, sharp; (bitter); asn. 2704; dsm. wk. biteran, 1746; dpn.wk. ~, 2692; fierce, furious; np. bitere, 1431. [OE. bítan; Go. baitrs, ON. bitr, OS. OHG. bittar]

bitre, adj., bitterly, sorely; 2331.

bið, see eom.

bi-wennan, see be-wennan.

blác, adj., shining, brilliant; asm. -ne, 1517. [blícan; ("blake"), bleak]

blanca*, wk.m., (white/grey ?, cp. 865) horse; dp. blancum, 856. [(blank), adj., from Fr. (from OHG.)]

blæc adj., black, dark; nsm.wk. blaca, 1801.

blaéd, m., power, vigour of life; glory, renown; 18, 1127, 1703, 1761. [OE. bláwan; cp. OHG. blát 'luck']

blaéd-ágande**, pres. prtc. [pl.], prosperous, glorious; npm., 1013.

blaéd-fæst(**), adj., glorious; asm. -ne, 1299.

bléate(**), adv., wretchedly, pitiably; 2824. see wæl-bléat. [cp. OHG. blóz, Ger. bloss]

blícan, I, shine, gleam; 222.

blíðe, adj. (i.) -ja., (1) joyful, blithe; asm. blíðne, 617. (2) kind, gracious; nsm. blíðe, 436. [Go. bleiþs, ON. blíð-r, OHG. blídi 'happy'] -Cpd.: un-.

blíð-heort(*), adj., blithe of heart, cheerful; 1802.

blód, n., blood; 1121, 1616, 1667; ds. blóde 486, 1422, 1880, ~ fáh 934, 1594, 2974; on blóde, bloody, 847; as. blód, 742. [Go. blóþ, ON. blóð, OHG. bluot, Ger. Blut < Gmc. *blódam 'blood' < pre-Gmc./IE. *bhló-to- '(?) swell, gush, spurt' < IE. bhleh₁- 'thrive, bloom' (Watkins 9:bhel-³/Pokorny 4. bhel- 122); cp. OE. blówan 'to flower' < Gmc. *bló-w-, ON. bló, blómi 'flower, blossom' < Gmc. *bló-món-, OE. blóstm 'flower, blossom' < Gmc. *bló-s-, OE. blæd 'leaf, blade' < Gmc. *bladaz; cf. MnE. bless < OE. bloedsian, blétsian 'to consecrate' < Gmc. *blódisón 'to treat or hallow with blood']

blód(e)gian(**)+, w2., make bloody; pp. geblódegod, 2692. [blódig]

blód-fág*, adj., blood-stained; 2060.

blódig, adj., bloody, blood-covered; dsm.wk. blódigan, 2440; asf. blódge, 990; asn. blódig 448 [blód].

blódig-tóð**, adj., with bloody (tooth) teeth; 2082.

blód-réow*, adj., blood-thirsty; nsn., 1719.

blonden-feax*, adj., (having mixed hair, i.e.) grey-haired; 1791; dsm. -um, 1873; npm. -e, 1594; nsm. wk. -fexa, 2962. [blondan]

bodian, w2., announce; pret. 3 sg. bodode, 1802. [bode; < OE. boda 'messenger' < Gmc. *budón- < IE. *bheudh- 'to be aware, to make aware' (Watkins 11:bheudh-/Pokorny bheudh- 150); cf. Skt. Buddha 'enlightened one' < Skt. budh- 'to awake, to become aware, to become enlightened']

bolca, wk.m., gangway of a ship; i.e., passageway from the quarter-deck to the forecastle (or gangplank, laid between the ship and the shore); as. bolcan, 231.

bold, n., building, house, hall; 997, 1925; as., 2196; gp. -a, 2326. -Cpd.: fold-.

bold-ágend(e)*, m. -c., (pres. ptc.) [pl.], house-owner, house-owning; gp. -ágendra, 3112.

bolgen-mód* adj., enraged; 78, 1713. [belgan]

bolster(**)+, m.(?), bolster, cushion, pillow; dp. bolstrum, 1240. -Cpd.: hléor-.

bona, see bana.

bon-gár**, m., deadly spear; 2031.

bord, n., board, *shield; 2673, [F. [29]]; as., 2524; gp. -a, 2259. -Cpds.: hilde-, wíg-.

bord-hæbbend(e)**, m. -c. (pres. ptc.) [pl.], (board-having), shield-bearer; npm, 2895.

bord-hréoða*, wk.m., shield-covering, shield; shield-ornament; phalanx; ds. -hréoðan, 2203. [cp. hroden]

bord-rand**, m., shield; as. 2559.

bord-weal(l)*, m., 'shield-wall', (protective) shield; as., 2980.

bord-wudu**, m. -u., shield; ap., 1243.

born, see byrnan.

bót, f., relief, remedy; 281; as. -e, 909, 934; reparation, compensation, gs. -e, 158. [boot; Go. bóta: batiza, OE. bet(e)ra]

botm, m., bottom; ds. -e, 1506.

brád, adj., broad, wide, spacious; 2156; nsn.wk. -e, 2207; asm. -[n]e, 2978; asn. brád, 1546, 3105. [Go. braiþs]

ge-bræc, n., crashing; as., 2259. [cp. brecan]

Breca, wk.m., chief of the Brondingas; 583; d.(a.?)s. Brecan, 506; as. ~, 531. [perh. fr. OE. brecan, or fr. ON. breki; cf. brecan ofer bæðweg, 'Elene' l.244, 'Andreas' ll. 223, 514; also Björkman]

brecan, IV, break; 2980; pret. 3 sg. bræc, 1511, 1567; opt. 3 sg. braéce, 1100;--press, torment, pret. 3 sg.: hine fyrwyt bræc, 232, 1985, 2784;--intr.: burst forth, inf. 2546; pp. brocene, [2063] (usu. em. [ab]rocene). [Go. brikan] --Cpds.:á-, tó-, þurh-.

ge-brecan, IV, break, crush, destroy; pret. 3 sg. gebræc, 2508; pp. gebrocen, 3147.

brecð(**), f., breaking, **grief; np.: módes brecða, 171.

bregdan, III, (1) move quickly (trans.), draw, swing, fling; 707; pret. 3 sg. brægd, 794, 1539, [3151]; 2 pl. brugdon (w/ dat. [instr.]), 514. (2) knit, weave; inf. bregdon, 2167; pp. bróden (ref. to the interlocked rings of the mail-coat), 552, 1548, asf. brogdne, 2755. [braid] --Cpds.: á-, on-.

ge-bregdan, III, (1) draw (sword); w/ instr.: pret. 1 sg. gebraéd, 1664, 3 sg. ~, 2703; w/ acc.: ~, 2562, gebrægd 1564. (2) knit, weave (see bregdan); pp. gebróden, 1443.

brego* m., chief, lord (w/ gen. pl.); 609; as., 1954; vs., 427.

brego-róf**, adj., very valiant, famous; 1925.

bredo-stól*, m., princely seat, throne, principality; as., 2196, 2370, 2389. (see éþel-stól)

bréme, adj. -ja., famous, renowned; 18.

brenting**, m., ship; ap. -as, 2807. [bront]

bréost, n., f. (453), breast; [2176], 2331; as., 453; pl. (with sg. meaning): dp. -um, 552, 2550, 2714. [Go. brusts]

bréost-gehygd*, f. n. -i., thought of the heart; dp. -um, 2818.

bréost-gewaéde**, n. -ja., (pl. used w/ sg. meaning), breast-garment, coat of mail; np. -gewaédu, 1211; ap. ~, 2162.

bréost-hord*, n., (breast-hoard), breast, mind, heart; 1719; as., 2792.

bréost-net(t)* n. -ja., breast-net, mail-coat; -net, 1548.

bréost-weorðung**, f., breast-ornament; as.-e, 2504.

bréost-wylm(**)(+), m. -i., (breast-welling), emotion; as., 1877. [weallan]

bréotan*, II, (break), cut down, kill; pret. 3 sg. bréat, 1717. [cp. brytta; brittle] --Cpd.: á-.

brim(*),, n., sea, water (of sea, lake); 847, 1594; gs. -es, 28, 2803; np. -u, 570. [cp. ON. brim]

brim-clif**, n., sea-cliff; ap. -u, 222.

brim-léad*, f., sea-passage, voyage; as. -e, 1051 (perh. confused with brim-ge-lád). [líðan]

brim-líðend(e)*, m. -c. (pres. ptc.) [pl.], seafarer; ap. -e, 568.

brim-stréam(*), m., sea-stream, ocean-current, sea; ap. -as, 1910.

brim-wísa**, wk.m., sea-leader, sea-king; as. -wísan, 2930. [cp. wísian]

brim-wylf**, f. -jó., she-wolf of the sea/lake (i.e., Grendel's Mother); brim-wylf, 1506; brimwylf, 1599. see grund-wyrgen.

brim-wylm**, m. -i., surge (wealling) of the sea/lake; 1494. [weallan]

bringan, w1. (III), bring; 1862, 2148, 2504; pres. 1 sg. bringe, 1829; pret. 1 pl. bróhton, 1663. [Go. briggan]

ge-bringan, w1. (III), bring; pres. opt. 1 pl., 3009. (foll. by on w/ dat.)

bróden, see bregdan.

bróden-maél, see brogden-maél.

bróga, wk.m., terror, horror; 1291, 2324, 2565; as. or ap. (cp. 483b) brógan, 583. [OHG. brógo] --Cpds.: gryre-, here-.

brogden-maél*, n., (ornamented with a wavy pattern, i.e.) damascened/pattern-welded sword; 1667; bróden-, 1616. (cp. hring-, wunden-maél) [bregdan; maél 'mark']

brond, m, (1) burning, fire, (brand); 3014; ds. -e, 2126, 2322; gp. -a, 3160. (2) sword, (brand); ns., 1020, 1454. [cp. ON. brandr; brand 'sword']

Brondingas, m.p., Scandinavian tribal name (unidentified); gp. -a, 521. [fr. OE. brond 'sword'?, or ON. brandr, 'ship's beak (prow)'?; cf. 'Widsith' l.111]

bront*, adj., steep, high; asm. -ne, 238, 568. ["brant", "brent", dial. cp. ON. brattr]

Brósinga (gp.) mene, 1199 [=ON. Brísinga men, the necklace of the goddess Freyja in the Elder Edda ('Þrymskviþa') - see n.1199].

brosnian, w2., decay, corrupt, rot, fall to pieces; pres. 3 sg. brosnað, 2260.

bróðor, m. -c., brother; 1324, 2440, 2978; gs., 2619; ds. bréþer, 1262; dp. bróðrum, 587, 1074. [Go. broþar, Ger. Bruder, ON. bróðir, bródir; cf. L. frater, Gr. φρατηρ, Skt. bhrátrá (> Gyp. phral, phal > MnE. pal), OIr. bráthir, OCS. bratru, Arm. elbayr, Toch.-A. pracar, Toch.-B. procer] --Cpd.: ge-.

ge-bróðor, m. -c.p., brothers; dp. gebróðrum, 1191.

brúcan, II, w/ gen. of object (sometimes understood), make use of, enjoy, (brook); 894, 1045, 2241, 2812, 3100; pres. 3 sg. brúceð, 1062; imp. sg. brúc, 1177, 1216, 2162; pret. 1 sg. bréac, 1487; 3 sg. ~, 1953; bréac, [2097]. [brukjan]

brún, adj., bright; (brown); 2578. [cp. MnE. bear < OE. bera 'bear' < Gmc. *beró 'the brown animal' (taboo-based replacement for IE. *h₂rtk`o- 'bear', cf. Skt. rksah, Gr. αρκος, L. ursus, Hit. hartaggaç ; also cp. burnish (fr. OFr.)]

brún-ecg*, adj., with a bright (burnished; brown) edge; asn., 1546.

brún-fág**, adj., of a brown colour, shining; asm. -ne, 2615.

brýd, f. -i., bride; 2031; wife; as. brýda, 2931; *woman; ap. -e, 2956. [Go. brúþs 'daughter-in-law']

brýd-búr(**)+, m., woman's apartment(/bower); ds. -e, 921. [bride; bower]

bryne-léoma**, wk.m., gleam of fire; 2313. [byrnan]

bryne-wylm*, m. -i., surge/wealling of fire; dp. -um, 2326.

brytnian, w2., deal out, dispense, distribute; pret. 3 sg. brytnade, 2383. [cp. brytta; bréotan]

brytta(*), wk.m., distributor, dispenser; (sinces) brytta, 607, vs. 1170, 2071; as. (béaga) bryttan, 35, 352, 1487, (sinces) ~, 1922. [bréotan]

bryttian, w2., distribute, dispense; pres. 3 sg. bryttað, 1726.

búan, redup., w3., (1) dwell; búon, 2842. (2) dwell in, inhabit; búan, 3065. [Go. bauan] --Cpds.: ceaster-, feor-, fold-, grund-, land-búend.

ge-búan, redup., (ingressive) take possession of, settle in; pp. gebún, 117.

bufolc(**), n., neighbouring people; 2220.

búgan, II, bow (intr.); (1) sink, fall; 2918, 2974. (2) bow down, rest; pres. 3 sg. búgeð, 2031. (3) bend, sit down; pret. 3 pl. bugon, 327, 1013. (4) turn, flee; pret. 3 sg. béah, 2956; 3 pl. bugon, 2598. [Go. biugan] --Cpds.: á-, be-; wóh-bogen.

ge-búgan, II, bow (intr.); (1) sink, fall; pret. 3 sg. gebéah, 1540, 2980. (2) coil (oneself together); pret. 3 sg. ~ (tósomne), 2567. (3) w/ acc.: lie down on; pret. 3 sg. gebéah 690, gebéag 1241.

bunden-heord**, adj., with hair bound up or, possibly, cruelly bound (bunden-heard); wk.f. -e, 3151.

bunden-stefna**, wk.m., ship with bound prow; 1910. ('bound', i.e. 'properly jointed', cp. 216; or, possibly, 'ornamented' w/ shields)[stem]

bune, wk.f., cup, drinking vessel; np. bunan, 3047; ap. ~, 2775.

búr, m., chamber, apartment, dwelling; ds. -e, 1310, 2455; dp. -um, 140. [bower; cp. búan] --Cpd.: brýd-.

burh, f. -c., fortified place, castle, palace, stronghold; town; ds. byrig, 1199; as. burh, 523; dp. (sg. meaning): (on, in) burgum, 53, 2433, similarly, 1968, 2452. [borough, burgh, Go. baúrgs] --Cpds.: fréo-, freoðo-, héa-, hléo-, hord-, léod-, maég-.

burh-loca*, wk.m., walled town; castle enclosure (lock); ds. -locan, 1928.

burh-stede*, m. -i., castle court, courtyard; as., 2265. [stead]

burh-wela**, wk.m., wealth of a castle/town; gs. -welan, 3100. [weal]

buruh-ðelu**, f., castle-floor; [F. 30].

burne, wk.f., stream; gs. -an, 2546. [bourn, burn; Go. brunna, Ger. Brunnen]

búton (bútan),
I. prep., w/ dat., except, but; búton, 73, 705.
II. conj.; (1) w/ subjunct.: unless, if--not; 966 (bútan). (2) w/ ind.: except that, but that; 1560. (3) without verb (after negat.); except; 657, 879; (ne...má...) búton, (not...more...) than, 1614.

bycgan, w1., buy, pay for; bicgan, 1305. [Go. bugjan] --Cpd.: be-.

ge-bycgan, w1., buy, pay for, obtain; pret. 3 sg. gebohte, 973, 2481; pp. npm. gebohte, [3014].

byldan, w1., encourage, cheer; 1094. [beald]

býme, wk.f., trumpet; as. býman, 2943. [béam; beme, obs.]

ge-byrd, f.(n.) -i., fate; as., 1074. [cp birth]

byrdu-scrúd**, n., 'birth-garment (shroud)' (perh. 'ancestral garb', i.e. perhaps clothing of a certain colour, or adorned with icons associated with a particular family); 2660.

byre*, m. -i., son; 2053, 2445, 2621, 2907, 3110; np., 1188; youth, boy; ap., 2018. [beran, cp. Go. baúr]

byrele, m. -i., cupbearer; np. byrelas, 1161. [beran]

byreð,, see beran.

byrgan, w1., taste, eat; byrgean, 448. [cp. ON. bergja]

byrht, see beorht.

byrig, see burh.

byrnan, III, burn (intr.); [pres. 3 pl. byrnað, F. 1,4]; pres. ptc. byrnende, 2272, 2569; pret. 3 sg. beorn, 1880. [burn fr. fusion of beornan (byrnan) and bærnan, cp. Go. gabrannjan] -Cpds.: for-; un-byrnende.

ge-byrnan(**)(+), III, burn (intr.), be consumed; pret. 3 sg. gebarn, 2697.

byrne, wk.f., mail-coat, ring-mail/chain-mail armour, byrnie [Sc., fr. ME. brynie, brinie, with metathesis of r.]; 405, 1245, 1629, 2660, 2673, [F. 44]; gs. byrnan, 2260; ds. ~, 2704; as. ~, 1022, 1291, 2153, 2524, 2615, 2621, 2812, 2868; np. ~, 327; dp. byrnum, 40, 238, 2529, 3140. (note: byrnan hring 2260, hringed byrne 1245, similarly, 2615; see hring; cf. Stjerna 34, 258f.) [Go. brunjó, OHG. brunna, ON. brynja (probably a Celtic loan into Germanic, cf. OIr. bruinne 'hill, breast', MWe. brynn 'ibid.', with semantic development to 'breastplate' - see Birkhan] --Cpds.: gúð-, heaðo-, here-, íren-, ísern-.

byrn-wiga*, wk.m., mailed warrior; 2918.

bysigu, wk.f., affliction, distress, trouble, care; gs. bisigu, 281; dp. bisgum, 1743, bysigum, 2580. [business]

byð, see eom.

býwan(**), w1., polish, adorn, prepare; 2259.