sacan, VI,
contend, fight; 439. [Go. sakan] --Cpd.: on-.
ge-sacan, VI,
contend, fight; 1004.
sacu, f.,
strife, fighting; 1857, 2472; as. sæce, 154. [
sake; Ger. Sache; OS. saka 'lawsuit', 'enmity', etc.]
ge-saca, wk.m.,
adversary, opponent, foe; as. gesacan, 1773. [sacan; cp. andsaca]
ge-sacu(**), f.,
contention, enmity; 1737. (=sacu)
sadol(**)+, m.,
saddle; 1038.
sadol-beorht**, adj.,
saddle-bright; apn., 2175.
sál, m.,
rope; ds. -e, 1906. [Ger. Seil]
sálum, see
saél.
samod,
I. adv., together; 2196; samod ætgædere, 329b, 387b, 729b, 1063b; --
also (postpos.); somod, 2174; ond...somod, 1211, 1614, 2343, 2987.
II. prep., w/ dat.,
simultaneously with, at, in: **samod aérdæge, 1311, somod ~, 2942 (cp. mid ~, 126). [Go. samaþ; cp. MnE.
same fr. ON.]
sand, n.,
sand, shore; ds. -e, 213, 295, 1896, 1917, 1964, 3033.
sang, m.,
song, cry; 90, 1063; as., 787, 2447. [Go. saggws < Gmc. *sangwaz - see further etym. notes under OE.
singan]
sár, n.,
(sore), pain, wound; 975; as., 787. [Go. sair] --Cpd.: líc-.
sár, adj.,
sore, grievous, bitter, painful; nsf., 2468; dpn. -um, 2058.
sáre, adv.,
sorely, grievously, painfully; 1251, 2222, 2295, 2311, 2746. [Ger. sehr]
sárig, adj.,
sad, mournful; asm. -ne, 2447. [
sorry]
sárig-ferð*, adj.,
sad at heart; 2863.
sárig-mód(**)(+), adj.,
sad-hearted, low-spirited; dpm. -um, 2942.
sár-líc, adj.,
painful, sad; nsn., 842; asn., 2109.
sáwl-berend**, m. -c.,
(soul-bearer), human being; gp. -ra, 1004. (cp. gaést-, feorh-berend).
sáwol, f.,
soul, spirit, life; 2820; gs. sáwele, 1742, sáwle, 2422; as. sáwle, 184, 801, 852. [Go. saiwala]
sáwol-léas, adj.,
lifeless; asm. -ne, 1406, 3033 (sáwul-).
sáwul-dríor*, m. or n.,
life-blood; ds. -e, 2693.
saé, m.f. -i.,
sea; 579, 1223; ds., 318, 544; as., 507 (masc.), 2380, 2394 (fem,
lake); dp. (be) saém (twéonum), 858, 1297, 1685, 1956. [Go. saiws, Ger. See]
saé-bát*, m.,
sea-boat, ship; as., 633, 895.
sæc(c)*, f. -jó.,
fighting, battle, conflict, quarrel; gs. secce, 600; ds. (æt) sæcce, 953, 1618, 1665, 2612, 2659, 2681, (tó) ~, 2686; as. ~, 1977, 1989, 2347, 2499, 2562; ap. (gp.?) sæcca, 2029. [Go. sakjó. see sacu]
sæce, see
sacu.
saé-cyning**, m.,
sea-king; gp. -a, 2382. [cp. ON. saé-konungr]
sæd, adj., w/ gen.,
satiated with, having had one's fill of, wearied with; asm. -ne, 2723. [
sad]
saédan, saéde, see
secgan.
saé-déor(**)+, n.,
sea-beast; 1510. see mere-.
saé-draca(**)(+), wk.m.,
sea-serpent; ap. -dracan, 1426.
saégan, w1.,
law low, slay; pp. gesaéged,884. [sígan]
Saé-Géatas, see
Géatas.
saé-géap**, adj.,
curved (or
spacious) (for use on the
sea); 1896. see géap.
saé-genga(**)+, wk.m.,
sea-goer, i.e.
**ship; 1882, 1908. [gangan]
saégon, see
séon.
saé-grund, m.,
bottom of the sea; ds. -e, 564.
sæl*, n.,
hall; as. sæl, 2075, 2264; sel, 167. [Ger. Saal; cp. sele]
saél, mf. -i.,
(1) time, proper time, opportunity, season; 622, 1008, 1665, 2058; gp. saéla, 1611; ap. séle, 1135.
(2) happiness, joy; dp. saélum, 1322; on sálum 607, on saélum 643, 1170 (see: on). [
seal (dial.); cp. Go. séls 'kind', 'good'; ge-saélan, ge-saélig] see maél.
saé-lác**, n.,
sea-booty; ds. -láce, 1624; ap. -lác, 1652.
saé-lád*, f.,
sea-journey, voyage; ds. -e, 1139, 1157.
saélan(*), w1.,
fasten, moor; pret. 3 sg. saélde, 1917; 3 pl. saéldon, 226;
twist; pp. gesaéled, 2764. [sál] --Cpd.: on-.
ge-saélan, w1.,
befall, chance, turn out favourably; pret. 3 sg. gesaélde, 574, 890, 1250. [saél]
sæld(*), n.,
hall; as., 1280. [perh. blending of two stems: sæl (cp. Go. saljan, saliþwós) and seþel--seld 'seat'] see ge-selda, seld-guma, medu-seld.
saé-líðend*, m.-c. [pl.],
sea-farer; np., 411, 1818, 2806; -e, 377.
sæltimbred**, adj. or subst. (pp.),
timbered-hall; [307].
saélð, f.,
happiness, joy, good fortune; gs. saélðe, 3152.
saé-man(n), m.-c.,
sea-man; gp. -manna, 329; dp. -mannum, 2954.
saé-méþe**, adj. -ja.,
sea-weary; npm. 325. see hyge-.
saémra, adj. comp.,
inferior, worse, weaker; 2880; dsm. saémran, 953. cp. saéne.
saé-næs(s)(**)(+), m.,
(sea-)headland; ap. -næssas, 223, 571.
saéne, adj. -ja.,
slow; comp. saénra, 1436. [cp. Go. sainjan 'delay']
saé-rinc*, m.,
sea-man, -warrior; 690.
saé-síð**, m.,
sea-journey, voyage; ds. -e, 1149.
saé-weal(l)*, m.,
sea-wall, shore; ds. -wealle, 1924.
saé-wong**, m.,
plain by the sea; as., 1964.
saé-wudu**, m. -u.,
(sea-wood), ship; as., 226.
saé-wylm**, m. -i.,
sea-welling, billow, ocean wave, surging of (ocean) water; ap. -as, 393. [weallan]
scacan, VI,
hasten, pass, depart; w/ prep. or adv. of local force: 1802; pres. 3 sg. sceaceð, 2742; pret. 3 sg. scóc, 3118; abs., pp. (
gone): scacen, 1124b, 1136b, sceacen, 2306b, 2727b. [
shake]
ge-scád, n.,
distinction, discrimination; gescád witan (w/ gen.),
understand, be a judge (of), 288. (cp. Ger. 'Beschied wissen') see gescádan.
ge-scádan, redup.,
decide; pret. 3 sg. gescéd, 1555. [Go. skaidan;
shed]
scadu-helm**, m.,
cover of shadow (night), darkness; gp. -a (gesceapu), 650 ('shapes of darkness', i.e. 'night'). cp. niht-helm.
scami(g)an, w2.,
be ashamed; scamigan (w/ gen.), 1026; pres. ptc. npm. scamiende, 2850.
scaþa, see
sceaþa.
ge-scæp-hwíl**, f.,
fated time (hour); ds. -e, 26. [see ge-sceap; scyppan]
sceacen, sceaceð, see
scacan.
scead, n., pl. sceadu,
shade(s), shadow; ap., 707. [Go. skadus < Gmc. *skadwaz < IE. *skot-wo- < IE. *skot- 'dark, shade' (Watkins 79:skot-/Pokorny skot- 958); cf. Gr. σκοτος 'darkness'] see sceadu-.
sceáden-maél**, n.,
(ornamented with distinctive or
branching patterns, i.e.
) damascened/pattern-welded sword; 1939. cp. wunden-maél.
sceadu-genga**, wk.m.,
walker in shadow; 703.
ge-sceaft, f. -i.,
(creation, abstr., & concr. collect.
), world; as., 1622. [scyppan, Go. gaskafts] --Cpds.: forð-, líf-, maél-; cp. won-sceaft.
scealc(*), m.,
(servant), retainer, warrior, man; 918, 939. [Go. skalks, Ger. Schalk; cp. MnE. mar
shall] --Cpd.: béor-.
ge-sceap, n.,
creation, creature, shape, form; np. gesceapu, 650. --Cpd.: héah-.
sceapen, see
scyppan.
scearp, adj.,
sharp, acute, clever; 288. --Cpd.: beadu-, heaðo-.
scéat, m.,
corner, district, region, lap; gp. scéatta, 752; ap. -as, 96. [Go. skauts, Ger. Schoss; MnE.
sheet (fr. scíete)]
sceat(t), m.,
property, money, treasure; ap. sceattas, 1686. [Go. skatts, Ger. Schatz] --Cpd.: gif-.
sceaþa, wk.m.,
one who does harm, enemy; criminal; gp. sceaþena 4, sceaðone 274; --
*warrior; np. scaþan, 1803, 1895. [sceððan]. --Cpds.: attor-, dol-, féond-, gúð-, hearm-, léod-, mán-, scyn, syn-, þéod-, úht-.
scéawian, w2.,
look at, view, examine, see, behold; 840, 1413, 2402, 2744, 3032, scéawigan 1391; pres. 2 pl. scéawiað, 3104; opt. 1 sg. scéawige, 2748; 1 pl. scéawian, 3008; pret. 3 sg. scéawode, 843, 1687, 2285, 2793; 3 pl. scéawedon, 132, 204, 983, 1440; pp. gescéawod, 3075, 3084 (perh. 'shown', 'presented' fr. ge-scéawian). [
show; Ger. schauen] cp. léas-scéawere.
Scede-land (=Sceden-), n., see
Sceden-íg; dp. -landum 19.
Sceden-íg, f. -jó.,
name of the southernmost part of the Scandinavian peninsula (Skane), applied to the Danish realm; ds. -egge, 1686. [ON. Skán-ey, Lat. Sca(n)dinavia, mod. Sw. Skane; gloss: ég-stréam 'flood, ocean']
Scéfing, m.,
appellation of Scyld ('son of Scéf'); 4. [scéaf, Mn.E.
sheaf]
sceft (sceaft), m.,
shaft (of arrow); 3118; [ds. -e, F. 7 (
spear)] --Cpds.: here-, wæl-scaeft (
spear).
scel, see
sculan.
scencan, w1.,
pour out, give to drink; pret. 3 sg. scencte, 496. [
skink (dial.); Ger. schenken]
scenn (scenna, -e?) **,
sword-guard (?), plate of metal on handle of sword(?); dp. scennum, 1694. [cp.(?) Du. scheen 'iron band'; perh. referring to the grip, which was covered with leather, and thus being cognate with Gmc. *skanjo, MHG. schene 'membrane', ON. skán 'crust', as well as MnE.
skin]
ge-sceód, see
ge-sceðþan.
scéotan, II,
shoot; pres. 3 sg. scéoteð, 1744. --Cpd.: of-.
ge-scéotan(**)+, II, w/ acc.,
(shoot), **dart to, hasten to; pret. 3 sg. gescéat, 2319.
scéotend(*), m. -c.,
shooter (archer), warrior; np., 703, 1154;
to pay; pp. dp. scótenum (
paid things), 1026.
scepen, see
scyppan.
sceran, IV,
(shear), cut through; pret. 3 sg. gescær, 1526; gescer, 2973.
sceþðan, VI, w1.,
injure, harm; w/ dat.: 1033, 1524; pret. 3 sg. scód, 1887; sceþede, 1514; --abs., w/ on & acc.: sceðþan, 243 (
make a raid). [Go. skaþjan; MnE.
scathe fr. ON. skaða]
ge-sceþðan, VI,
injure, harm; w/ dat.; 1447; pret. 3 sg. gescód, 1502, 1587, 2777; gesceód, 2222.
scildig, see
scyldig.
scild-weall**, m.,
shield-wall, phalanx(?); as., 3118.
scild-wiga, see
scyld-.
scile, see
sculan.
scínan, I,
shine; 1517; pres. 3 sg. scíneð, 606, 1571; [scýneð, F. 7]; pret. 3 sg. scán, 321, 405, 1965; 3 pl. scinon, 994; scionon, 303.
scinna(*), wk.m.,
spectre, evil spirit, demon, ("shine"); dp. scinnum, 939. [Go. skeinan]
scionon, see
scínan.
scip, n.,
ship, boat; 302; gs. -es, 35, 896; ds. -e, 1895; as. scip, 1917; dp. scypon, 1154. [Go. skip]
ge-scipe**, n. -i.,
fate; ds., 2570. [cp. gesceap]
scip-here, m. -ja.,
ship-army, naval force; ds. -herge, 243.
scír, adj.,
bright, resplendent, glorious, clear; 979; nsn., 322; gsn.wk. scíran, 1694; asn. scír, 496. [Go. skeirs; MnE.
sheer]
scireð, see
sceran.
scír-ham**, adj.,
in bright armour; npm. -e, 1895.
(ge-)scód, see
(ge-)sceþðan.
scofen, see
scúfan.
scop, m.,
poet, singer, bard; 496, 1066; gs. -es, 90. [cp. OHG. scof]
(ge-)sc(e)óp, see
(ge-)scyppan.
scrífan, I,
decree, adjudge, impose (sentence), w/ dat. of pers.; 979. [fr. Lat. scribere;
shrive] --Cpd.: for-.
ge-scrífan, I,
decree, assign, w/ dat. of pers. & acc. of thing; pret. 3 sg. gescráf, 2574.
scríðan, I,
glide, slink, slither, wander, move, stride; 650, 703, 2569; pres. 3 pl. scríþað, 163. [Ger. schreiten]
scucca, wk.m.,
demon, devil; dp. scuccum, 939. [
shuck, (old)
Shock (dial. - East Anglia) 'barguest']
scúfan, II,
shove, push, move forward; pret. 3 pl. scufon, 215; scufun, 3131; pp. scofen, 918. [Go. skiuban] --Cpds.: be-; wíd-scofen.
sculan, pret-pres., (pres.:)
must, ought, is to; shall(infreq.); (pret.:)
had to, was to, should(infreq.); pres. 1 sg. sceal, 251; 2 sg. scealt, 588, 2666; 3 sg. sceal, 20, 183, 271, 287, 440, 977, 1004, 1060, 1172, 1386, 1534, 2166, 2525, 2590, 2884, 3108, 3114; sceall, 3014, 3077; scel, 455 (inf. to be supplied from preceding main clause), 2804, 3010; opt. 3 sg. scyle, 2657, scile, 3176; pret. 3 sg. sceoldest, 2056; 3 sg. scolde, 10, 85, 805, 819, 1070, 1106, 1443, 1449, 1464; sceolde, 2341, 2400, 2408, 2421, 2442, 2585 (inf. to be supplied from preced. main clause), 2589, 2627, 2918, 2963, 2974, [F. 29]; 3 pl. scoldon, 41, 832, 1305, 1637; opt. 3 sg. scolde, 965, 1328, sceolde 2708; --chiefly expressive of futurity:
shall (am determined to); pres. 1 sg. sceal, 384, 424, 438, 601, 636, 1706, 2069; sceall, 2498, 2535; 2 sg. scealt, 1710; 3 sg. sceal, 1862, 3018, sceall, 2508, 3021; 1 pl. sculon, 683; pret. 3 sg. sceolde (
was to), 3068; opt. scolde (
should, were to, would), 1 sg., 1477; 3 sg., 280, 691, 910 (ind.?); --ref. to the performance of an act (or to a state) in accordance w/ one's
nature or
custom or as a
duty (semi-periphrastic); pres. 3 sg. sceall ('it is his to...'), 2275; pret. 3 sg. scolde, 230, 1034, 1067, 1260; 3 pl. scoldon, 704, 1798 ('were wont to'), sceoldon 2257; suggesting certainty: pres. 3 sg. sceal ('is sure to'), 24. --w/ omission of inf. of verb of motion: 1 sg. sceal, 2816, opt. 2 sg. scyle, 1179; of wesan (denot. future:) 3 sg. sceal, 1783, 1855, 2255, 2659. [Go. skulan, Ger. sollen]
scúr-heard*, adj.,
shower-hard, resilient in the storm of battle; nsf., 1033. [Go. skúra-] (cf. 'Andreas' l.1134 (scúrheard); 'Judith' l.79 (scúrum heard))
scyld, m.,
shield; 2570, [F. 7]; as., 437, 2675; ap. -as, 325, 333, 2850. [Go. skildus, Ger. Schild] Cf. Scyld, Scylding(as).
scyldan, w1.,
protect, shield; pret. opt. (ind.?) 3 sg. scylde, 1658. [scyld]
scyld-freca**, wk.m.,
(shield-)warrior; 1033.
scyldig, adj.,
guilty; (synnum) scildig, 3071 (cp. fáh 978, 1001); (w/ gen. of crime:) morðres scyldig, 1683;
having forfeited (w/ gen.): ealdres ~, 1338, 2061. [scyld 'guilt'; sculan]
Scyld, m.,
mythical Danish king; 4, 26; gs. -es, 19. [scyld '
shield']
Scyldingas (Scild-, 229, 351, 1183, 2101, 2106), m.p.,
(descendants of Scyld, members of Danish dynasty), Danes (poet. name); np. hwate ~, 1601, 2052 (Scyldungas); gp. Scyldinga, 53, 229, 913, 1069, 1154, 1168, 1563; wine ~, 30, 148, 170, 1183, 2026, 2101 (Scildunga); fréan ~, 291, 351, 500, 1166; helm ~, 371, 456, 1321; eodor ~, 428, 663; þéoden ~, 1675, 1871; léod ~, 1653, 2159 (Scyldunga); witan ~, 778; winum ~, 1418; dp. Scyldingum, 274; ap. Scyldingas, 58.
Scylding, ns.: gamela ~ (i.e. Hróðgár), 1792, Scilding, 2105. [scyld, Scyld; ON. Skjoldungar] --Cpds.:
Ár-Scyldingas; gp. -a, 464; dp. -um, 1710 [ár 'honour']
Here-Scyldingas; gp. -a, 1108 [here 'army']
Sige-Scyldingas; gp. -a, 597; dp. -um, 2004 [sige 'victory']
Þéod-Scyldingas; np., 1019 [þéod 'people']. see Dene.
scyle, see
sculan.
Scylfingas (Scilf-), m.p.,
(Swedish dynasty), Swedes; gp. Scylfinga: helm ~, 2381, léod ~, 2603.
Scylfing, ns.: gomela ~ (i.e. Ongenþéow), 2487, 2968 (Scilfing). [ON. Skilfing(a)r; ON. -skjálf, OE. scielf, scylf, 'peak, crag, pinnacle'; cf. MHG. ('Nibelungelied') Schilbunc (-ung)] --Cpds.:
Gúð-Scilfingas; ap. 2927 [gúð 'war']
Heaðo-Scilfingas; ap. 2205 [heaðo- 'war']
Heaðo-Scilfing; gs. -as, 63 (i.e. Onela). --see Swéon.
scyndan, w1.,
hasten; intr., 2570; trans., pp. scynded, 918. [ON. skynda]
scýne(*), adj. -ja.,
beautiful, fair; nsf. (wk.?), 3016. [
sheen; Go. skauns (adj. -i.), Ger. schön]
scyp, see
scip.
scyppan, VI,
create, shape, make; pp. scepen, 2913;
assign (name): pret. 3 sg. scóp, 78. [Go. ga-skapjan] --Cpd.: earm-sceapen.
ge-scyppan, VI,
create; pret. 3 sg. gesceóp, 97.
scyppend, m. -c.,
creator (god); 106.
scýran (scíran), w1.,
clear up, settle; 1939. [scír; Go. skeirjan]
sé (se), séo, þæt, dem. pron.;
(a) dem. adj. & def. article,
the, that:
(b1) subst.,
that one, he, she, that, it; (b2) relat.,
that, who, which, what; (b3) sé (etc.) þe, relat. --nsm.
sé, se,
(a) 107 times, 84, 86, 92, 102, 205, 258, etc.;
(b1) 9 times, 196, 469, 898, etc.;
(b2) 12 times, 143, 370, 1267, etc.;
(b3) sé þe 47 times, 79, 87, 90, 103, 230, 289, etc.; 441: sé þe hine (
he whom); 2292: sé ðe,
he whom. --nsf.
séo 13 times;
(a) 12 times, 66, 146, etc., 2031, 2258a, 2323;
(b3) séo ðe: 1445; sío 17 times, 2024, 2087, 2098, 2258b, 2403, and then regularly;
(a) 13 times;
(b1): 2024, 2087,
(b2): 2258b; síe,
(a) 2219. --nsn.
þæt (usually spelt
þ) 66 times;
(a) 19 times, 15, 133, 191, 890, etc.;
(b1) 46 times; mostly: þæt wæs, 11, 170, 309, etc. (ne wæs þæt, 716, 734, 1455, 1463, 2415, 2586; þæt is (bið), 454, 1002, 1388, 1611, 2000, 2999; nis þæt, 249, 1361, 2532;
(b2): 453, 2500. --gsm.
þæs 9 times, ðæs 10 times;
(a) 18 times, 132, 326(gsn.?), 989, 1030, etc.;
(b1): 1145(gsn.?). --gsf.
þaére, (a): 109 (d.?), 1025, 2546, 2887; ðaére,
(a): 562; [F. 20]. --gsn.
þæs (incl. ðæs 10 times) 49 times;
(a) 5 times, 1467, etc.;
(b1) w/ verbs governing the gen.: 350, 586, 778, 1598, 2026, 2032; (semi-adv.)
for that, therefor, because of that, w/ expressions of compensation, reward, thanks, rejoicing, sorrow, etc.; 7, 16, 114, 277, 588, 900, 1220, 1584, 1692, 1774, 1778, 1992, 2335, 2739; (adv.)
to such a degree, so; 773, 968, 1366, [1508], 1509, tó þæs 1616;
(b2) relat.; (semi-adv.,
as:) 272, 383; 1398 (including relat. & antecedent);
(b3) þæs þe (ðe); (semi-conj.)
because, as; 108, 228, 627, 1628, 1751, 1779 (w/ antec. þæs,
(b1)), 1998, 2797;
according to what, as (conj.): 1341, 1350, 3000; tó þæs þe (relat. & antec.), see tó. --dsm.
þaém 23 times, ðaém 5 times, þám 19 times, ðám 20 times (þaém, ðaém in the A part of the MS only; þám, ðám in the B part, besides þám 424, 713, 824, 919, 1016, 1073, 1421);
(a) 52 times, 52(dsn.?), 143, 197, 270, etc.; in (& similarly) sele þám héan: 713, 919, 1016, 1984;
(b1)12, 59, 1363, 2612;
(b2) 310(dsn.?), 374, (relat. & antec.:) 2199, 2779;
(b3) þaém (þám) ðe (relat. & antec.), 183, 186, 1839, 2601, 2861, 3055, 3059. --dsf.
þaére; (a) 10 times, 109(g.?), 125, 618, etc.; [ðaére, F. 31];
(b3) þára þe, 1625. --dsn.;
(a) þaém 1215, 1484, 1635, þám 1421, ðám 639, 2232;
(b1) ðaém 1688; þám 137, ðám 2769; see also for-ðám. --asm.
þone (incl. ðone 12 times) 65 times;
(a) 52 times, 107, 168, 202, etc.; úhthlem þone 2007, similarly 2334, 2588, 2959, 3081; beorh þone héän 3097;
(b1) 1354, 3009 (þone [allit.]...þé);
(b2) 12, 2048, 2751;
(b3) þone þe, 1054, 1298, 2056, 2173, 3034; after a noun in the acc.,
(him) who: 2295, 3003, 3116. --asf.
þá 14 times, ðá 4 times; [F. 23]; all
(a) 189, 354, 470, etc., exc. 2022:
(b2). --asn.
þæt (usually spelt
þ) 59 times;
(a) 17 times, 628, 654, etc.;
(b1) 36 times, 194, 290, etc.;
(b2) 6 times, 766, 1456, 1466, etc. --ism. þý,
(a) 2573, isn.
þý, ðý, 19 times;
þé (ðé): 821, 1436a, 2638, 2687;
(a): 110, 1664, 1797, 2028;
(b1) for that reason, therefore: 1273, 2067, 2638; before comp.:
the, any: 487, 821, 1436a, 1902, 2749, 2880; ne...ðý sél: 2277, 2687; nó þý leng, 974; nó þý aér, see aér;
(b2) þý laés,
lest, 1918.
þon, (b1); þon (má),
any, 504; 2423; after prep.: æfter þon 724, be þon 1722, tó ðon 2591, 2845; þo þon 1876 (
to that degree, so); see also for-ðan, for-ðon; aér þon
(b2), conj.,
before, 731. --npm.
þá 15 times, ðá 9 times, [F. 47];
(a) 12 times, 3, 99, 221, etc.;
(b1) þá(...þé) 44 (allit.);
(b2) 6 times, 41, 113, etc.;
(b3) þá þe 5 times, 378, 1135, etc. --gpm.f.n.
þára 20 times, ðára 937, 1578, 1686, 2734, 2779, 2794, þaéra 992, 1266, ðaéra 1349, [F. 48];
(a) 6 times; ymbesittendra aénig ðára 2734;
(b1) 1015, 1037, 1248, 1266, 1349; þaéra(...þé) 992;
(b3) þára (etc.) ðe: 206, 878, 1123, 1196, 1578; when containing the subj.,
(of those) who (which), foll. by the sing.: 843, 996, 1051, 1407, 1461, 1686, 2130, 2251, 2383, or by the plur. of the verb: 98, 785, 937. --dpm.f.n.
þaém, ðaém 6 times (in A); þám, ðám 7 times (in B, and 1855); all
(a) 370, 1191, etc. --apm.f.n.
þá 9 times, ðá 12 times, [F. 42]; all
(a) exc. 488, 2148, 3014:
(b1). --note: the line of division between the dem.
(b1) and relat.
(b2) functions is occasionally doubtful. The dem. adj. alliterates: 197a, 770a, 806a; 736a; 1675b, 1797b, 2033b. [Go. sa] --see also relat. part. þé/þe.
sealma (selma) (**)(+), wk.m.,
bedstead, bed, couch; as. sealman, 2460. [OS. selmo]
sealo-brún**, adj.,
(sallow- or
) dark-brown; [F. 35].
sealt, adj.,
salt; asn., 1989. [Go. salt]
searo, n. -wa., (pl. freq. w/ sg. meaning),
contrivance, skill, cleverness, art, cunning; dp. searwum, 1038, 2764; --
war-gear, equipment, armour; np. searo, 329; dp. searwum, 249, 323, 1557, 1813, 2530, 2568, 2700; --
battle (cp. searo-grim); dp. ~, 419, 1557(?). [Go. sarwa, pl., OHG. saro; Ice. sörvi 'necklace', 'armour'] --Cpds.: fyrd-, gúð-, inwit-.
searo-bend**, f. -jó. (m. -i.),
cunningly wrought band/clasp; dp. -um, 2086.
searo-fáh**, adj.,
cleverly decorated; nsf., 1444.
searo-gim(m), m.,
cleverly-cut gem; gp. -gimma, 1157; ap. -gimmas, 2749. see gim(m).
searo-grim(m)**, adj.,
fierce in battle; -grim, 594.
searo-hæbbend(e)*, m. -c. (pres. ptc.)[pl.],
(armour-having), armoured warrior; gp. -hæbbendra, 237.
searo-net(t)*, n. -ja.,
armour-net/battle-net, mail-coat; -net, 406.
searo-níð**, m.,
cunning enmity, treacherous quarrel; ap. -as, 1200, 2738; --
(treacherous) battle, contest; gp. -a, 582; ap. -as, 3067.
searo-þonc(*), m.,
ingenuity, skill, art; dp. -um, 775.
searo-geþræc**, n.,
pile of well-wrought things, precious heap; 3102.
searo-wundor**, n.,
curious wonder, wonderful artefact/device; as., 920.
seax, n.,
sax (knife), dagger, knife, short sword; as., [1545]. [OS. sahs < Gmc. *sahsam 'knife' < IE. *sok-so- < IE. *sek- 'to cut' (Watkins 74:sek-/Pokorny 2. sek- 896, sken-(d-) 930); cf. OE. síðe, sigðe 'sickle' (> MnE. scythe) < Gmc. *segithó 'sickle', OE. sagu, sage 'saw' (> MnE. saw) < Gmc. *sagó 'a cutting tool', OE. secg (see below) < Gmc. *sagjaz 'sword'; cf. ON. skinn 'skin' (> MnE. (to) skin) < Gmc. skinth- 'to peel off, flay'; cf. L. secáre 'to cut (> MnE. sector, section, segment; dissect; insect), L. sécula 'sickle' (> MnE. sickle), Russ. sech` 'to cut'; MnE
sax, dial.
zax 'a tool for cutting (roof) slates'] --Cpd.: wæl-.
sécan, w1.,
seek; try to find, try to get; abs.: pret. 3 sg. sóhte, [2231], 2293 (
search), 2572 (
desire, demand); w/ obj.: inf. (faéhðe) sécan, 2513; ger. (similarly,) séceanne, 2562; (cp.) imp. séc, 1379; pret. 1 sg. sóhte, 2738; 3 sg. ~, [139], 2300, 3067; w/ obj. and tó (
from, at): inf. sécean, 1989, 2495, [F. 27]; pres. 3 pl. séceað, 3001; --
try to reach (by attack): inf. (sáwle) sécan 801, (similarly,) sécean 2422 ('animam quaerere'); --
go to, visit; inf. sécean, 187, 200, 268, 645, 821, 1597, 1602, 1869, 2820, 2950, 3102; sécan, 664, 756, 1450, 1820; pres. 3 sg. séceð, 2272; opt. 3 sg. séce, 1369; pret. 2 sg. sóhtest, 458; 3 sg. sóhte, 208, 376; 2 pl. sóhton, 339; 3 pl. sóhtan, 2380; opt. 1 sg. sóhte, 417. [Go. sókjan] --Cpds.: ofer-, on-.
ge-sécan, w1.,
seek; gesécean (wíg), 684;
go to, visit: ~, 692, 2275; ger. gesécanne, 1922; pret. 3 sg. gesóhte, 463, 520, 717, 1951; pp. npf. gesóhte, 1839; --
go to, attack; pres. 3 sg. geséceð, 2515; pret. 3 pl. gesóhtan 2204, gesóhton 2926; opt. 3 sg. gesóhte, 2346.
secce, see
sæc(c).
secg*, m. -ja.,
man; 208, 249, 402, 871, 980, 1311, 1569, 1812, 2226, 2352, 2406, 2700, 2708, [2863], 3028, 3071; voc., 947, 1759; ds. secge, 2019; as. secg, 1379; np. secgas, 213, 2530, 3128; gp. secga, 633, 842, 996, 1672, dp. secgum, [149], 490. [ON. seggr; cp. Lat. socius 'companion']
secg*, f. -jó.,
(short, thrusting) sword, ("sedge"); as. -e, 684. [< Gmc. *sagjaz 'sword'; see MnE.
sedge, sb.1; cp. saw, OE. seax; Lat. secare]
Secgan, wk.m.p.,
a Germanic (coastal) tribe; gp. Secgena, [F. 24]. [secg 'sword'; cf. seax, Seaxe]
secgan, w3.,
say, tell; abs.: 273; pret. 3 sg. sægde, 90, 2899; w/ acc.: inf. secgan, 582, 875, 880, 1049; pres. 1 sg. secge, 1997, 2795; pret. 2 sg. sægdest, 532; 3 sg. sægde, 1809, 2632; cp. pp. gesægd, 141; w/ gen.: pres. ptc. secggende (wæs), 3028; --followd by indirect question (hú, hwá, hwæt): inf. secgan, 51, 3026; ger. secganne, 473, 1724; pp. gesaéd, 1696; folled by þæt-clause: inf. secgan, 390, 1818; pres. 1 sg. secge, 590; 3 pl. secgað, 411; pret. 3 sg. sægde, 1175, saéde, [F. 44]; --w/ pron. þæt and þæt-clause: inf. secgan, 942, 1346, 1700, 2864; pret. 3 pl. sægdon, 377, [2187]; w/ obj. óðer and þæt-clause: saédan, 1945. [OHG. sagén] --Cpd.: á-.
ge-secgan, w3.,
say, tell; imp. sg. gesaga, 388; pret. opt. 1 sg. gesægde, 2157.
sefa, wk.m.,
mind, heart, spirit; 490, 594, 2600; him wæs geómor sefa, 49, 2419, similarly, 2632; similarly, 2043, 2180; ds. sefan, 473, 1342, [1737]; as. ~, 278, 1726, 1842. [Go. sifan 'rejoice', OS. se
bo] --Cpd.: mód-.
séft, see
sófte.
ge-ségan(-on), see
ge-séon.
segen, see
segn.
segl, m.n.,
sail; 1906.
segl-rád**, f.,
sail-road, i.e.,
sea, lake; ds. -e, 1429.
segn, m.n.,
banner, standard; ds. segne, 1204; as. segn, 2776, (neut.:) 2767; (masc.:) segen, 47, 1021; np. (neut.) segn, 2958. [fr. Lat. signum;
sign fr. OFr. signe] --Cpd.: héafod-.
sel, see
sæl.
sél (noun), see
saél.
sél, adv. comp.,
better; 1012, 2530, [F. 38, 39]; ne byð him wihte ðý sél, 2277, similarly, 2687. see gód.
ge-selda*, wk.m.,
(one of the same dwelling), companion, comrade; as. geseldan, 1984. [see sæld]
seldan, adv.,
seldom; 2029.
seld-guma**, wk.m.,
hall-man, retainer; 249. [see sæld]
sele(*), m. -i.,
hall; 81, 411; ds., 323, 713, 919, 1016, 1640, 1984, 3128; as., 826, 2352. [cf. Go. saliþwós 'harbourage', 'shelter'; cp. sæl] --Cpds.: béah-, béor-, dryht-, eorð-, gest-, gold-, gúð-, héah-, hring-, hróf-, níð-, wín-.
sele-dréam*, m.,
joy of the hall; as., 2252.
sele-ful(l)**, n.,
(filled) hall-cup; as. -ful, 619.
sele-gyst**, m. -i.,
visitor (guest) to a hall; as., 1545.
sele-raédend(e)*, m. -c. (pres. ptc.)[pl.],
hall-counselor, -ruler; np. -raédenne, 51; ap. -e, 1346.
sele-rest**, f. -jó.(?),
bed (rest) in a hall; as. -e, 690. see ræst.
sélest, see
gód.
sele-þegn**, m.,
hall-thane, chamberlain; 1794.
sele-weard**, m.,
hall-warden, -guardian; as., 667.
self, pron.,
self; (1) strong infl.; used abs.: sylf, 1964; gsm. (transl. 'his own') selfes, 700, 895; sylfes, 2222, 2360, 2639, 2710, 2776, 3013; in connexion w/ a poss. pron.: on [mín]ne sylfes dóm, 2147; as. sylfne, 1977; npm. selfe, 419; --w/ a noun or pers. pron.; self, 594, 920, 1010, 1313; sylf 2702, [F. 17, 27]; gsm. selfes, 1147; sylfes, 2013, 2325; gsf. selfre, 1115; asm. selfne, 961, 1605; sylfne, 2875; gpm. sylfra, 2040; apm. sylfe, 1996; along w/ the dat. of pers. pron.: (þú) þé self, 953.
(2) weak infl.; nsm. selfa, 29, 1468, 1733, 1839 (him ~), 1924; sylfa, 505, 3054; seolfa, 3067. [Go. silba] (cf. J.M. Farr, 'Intensives and Reflexives in the Anglo-Saxon and early Middle English', Johns Hopkins diss., 1902 / Baltimore: J.H. Furst, 1902.)
sélla, see
gód.
sellan, w1.,
give; syllan, 2160, 2729; pres. 3 sg. seleð, 1370 (
give up), 1730, 1749; pret. 2 sg. sealdest, 1482; 3 sg. sealde, 72, 672, 1271, 1693, 1751, [2019], 2155, 2182, 2490, 2994, 3055, (
proffer, pass:) 622, 2024; 3 pl. sealdon, 1161 (
serve). [
sell; Go. saljan 'sacrifice']
ge-sellan, w1.,
give, make a present of; 1029; pret. 3 sg. gesealde, 1052, 1866, 1901, 2142, 2172, 2195, 2810, 2867, (
proffer, pass:) 615.
sel-líc, syl-líc, adj.,
strange, wonderful; nsf. syllíc, 2086; asn. ~, 2109; apm. sellice, 1426. comp. asf. syllícran, 3038. [cp. seldan]
sélra, see
gód.
semninga, adv.,
straightaway, at once; 1767; oþ þæt ~: 644, 1640. [cp. æt-, tó-somne]
sendan, w1.,
send; pret. 1 sg. sende, 471; 3 sg. ~, 13, 1842;
send (to sleep), kill; pres. 3 sg. sendeþ, 600. [Go. sandjan] --Cpds.: for-, on-.
séo, see
sé.
séoc, adj.
sick, ill, weakened; 2254, 2740, 2904; módes séoce ('sick at heart', 'sad'), 1603. [Go. siuks, Ger. siech] --Cpds.: ellen-, feorh-, heaðo-.
seofon, num.,
seven; uninfl.: a., 517, seofan, 2195; syfone, 3122. [Go. sibun]
seolfa, see
self.
seomian*, w2.,
rest, lie, remain, hover, hang; siomian, 2767; pret. 3 sg. seomade, 161, seomode, 302.
séon, V,
look; pret. 3 sg. seah (on w/ acc.), 2717, 2863; 3 pl. (on) sáwon, 1650; (tó) saégon, 1422; --
see; séon 387, 920, 1365, 3102, séön 1180, 1275; pret. 1 sg. seah, 336, 2014. (< OE. *seohan) [Go. saíhwan, Ger. sehen, OHG. sehan, ON. sjá; Hit. sak(u)wa 'eyes' -- all forms from a special semantic development of IE. root *sek
w- 'follow' (see Polomé 1972: (292))] --Cpds.: geond-, ofer-.
ge-séon, V,
see, behold, perceive; 396, 571, 648, 961, 1078, 1126 (
go to), 1485, 1628, 1875 (
see each other), 1998; pres. 3 sg. gesyhð, 2041, 2455; pret. 1 sg. geseah, 247, 1662; 3 sg. ~, 229, 728, 926, 1516, 1557, 1585, 1613, 2542, 2604, 2756, 2767, 2822; 3 pl. gesáwon, 221, 1023, 1347, 1425, 1591, 2252; geségan 3038, geségon 3128; opt. 3 pl. gesáwon, 1605.
seonu, f. -wó,
sinew; np. seonowe, 817. [< Gmc. *sinwó < IE. *sh
2eh
1i- 'to bind, tie' (Watkins 73: sai-
1/Pokorny 3. sé(i)- 892); cf. L. saeculum 'lifetime, century, age' (> MnE. secular), W. hoedl 'lifespan'; cf. Hit. iç
hai-, iç
hiya- 'to bind' > Hit. iç
hiul 'contract' > Assyr. loan-word in 19th-c. B.C.E. -- first attested IE. word (see further Watkins 73)]
séoðan, II, w/ acc.,
seethe, boil, cause to well up, brood over; pret. 1 sg. (-ceare) séað, 1993; 3 sg. (~) ~, 190.
seoððan, see
siððan.
séow(i)an, w1.2.,
sew, put together, link; pp. seowed, 406 (ref. to the 'battle-net', cp. hrægl, etc.). [Go. siujan < Gmc. *siwjan < IE. *syuh- 'to bind, sew' (Watkins 89:syú-/Pokorny s
iú- 916); cf. OE. séam 'seam' < Gmc. *saumaz, L. sútus 'sewn, sewed' (> MnE. suture), Skt. sútram 'thread, string > verse'; cf. Siev. §409 n.15]
ses(s)(**)(+), m.(n.?),
seat; ds. sesse, 2717, 2756. [cp. ON. sess; OE. sittan]
sétan, see
sittan.
setl, n.,
seat; gs. -es, 1786; ds. -e, 1232, 1782, 2019; as. setl, 2013; dp. -um, 1289. [
settle; Siev. §196.2 & n.1; Go. sitls] --Cpds.: héah-, hilde-, meodo-.
settan, w1.,
set; pret. 3 pl. setton, 325, 1242; pp. nsn. geseted (
set down), 1696. [Go. satjan] --Cpds.: á-, be-.
ge-settan, w1.,
set, establish; pret. 3 sg. gesette, 94;
settle; pres. opt. 3 sg. ~, 2029.
sex-ben(n)**, f. -jó.,
dagger-(seax-)wound; dp. siexbennum, 2904. [see seax]
sib(b), f. -jó.,
kinship, friendship, peace; sib, 1164, 1857; gs. sibbe, 2922; as. sibbe, 154, 949, 2431; sibb', 2600 ('ties of kinship'). [Go. sibja; cp. MnE.
sibling, gos
sip] --Cpds.: dryht-, friðu-.
sib-æðeling**, m.,
related noble; np. -as, 2708.
sibbe-gedriht*, f. -i.,
band of kinsmen; as., 387, 729. (genitival cpd.; earlier form: sibgedriht, 'Exodus' l.214, etc.)
síd, adj.,
large, spacious, broad, great; nsf., 1444, 2086; nsn.wk. -e, 2199; dsm.wk. -an, 2347; asm. -ne, 437, 507, 1726; asf. -e, 1291, 2394; asn.wk. síde, 1733, 1981; gpf. -ra, 149; apm. -e, 223, 325.
síde, adv.,
widely; 1223.
síd-fæþme**, adj. -ja.,
roomy; asn. 1917. [fæþm]
síd-fæþmed**, adj. (pp.),
roomy; nsn., 302. [fæþm]
síd-rand**, m.,
broad shield; 1289.
síe, see
eom.
síe, 2219, see
sé.
siex-bennum, see
sex-ben(n).
sig, see
eom.
sígan, I,
sink, fall; pret. 3 pl. sigon, 1251;
move (together), march, ~, 307.
ge-sígan, I,
sink, fall; 2659.
sige-beorn**, m.,
victorious warrior; gp. -a, [F. 38].
sige-drihten*, m.,
victorious lord; 390. [Go. sigis-]
sige-éadig**, adj.,
victory-blest, victorious; asn., 1557.
Sige-ferð, m.,
one of Hnæf's warriors (of the tribe of the Secgean); [F. 15, 24]. [sige 'victory'; ferð 'mind', 'spirit' or ferð=frið(u) 'protection', 'peace']
sige-folc*, n.,
victorious/gallant people; gp. -a, 644. see folc.
sige-hréð**, (n., see hréð),
glory of victory; as., 490.
sige-hréþig*, adj.,
victorious, triumphant; 94, 1597, 2757.
sige-hwíl**, f.,
time of victory, victory; gp. -e, 2710.
sigel*, n.(?),
luminary, sun; 1966. [Go. sugil] (cp. 'Runic Poem' l.45ff.)
sige-léas, adj.,
without victory, of defeat; asm. -ne, 787.
Sige-mund, m.,
son of Wæls, uncle (and father) of Fitela; ds. -e, 884, 875. [sige 'victory'; mund 'hand', 'protection'] see n.875.
sige-róf(*), adj.,
victorious, illustrious; 619.
Sige-Scyldingas, see
Scyldingas.
sige-þéod*, f.,
victorious/glorious people; ds. -e, 2204.
sige-waépen**, n.,
victory-weapon; dp. -waépnum, 804.
sigle(**)+, n.,
jewel, brooch, necklace; as., 1200; gp. sigla, 1157; ap. siglu, 3163. [ON. sigli; fr. sigel 'brooch', 'clasp' (orig. 'sun'?, or fr. Lat. sigillum)] --Cpd.: máððum-.
sigor, (n. -c.) m.,
victory; gs. -es, 1021; gp. -a, 2875, 3055. [cp. OE. sige(-) Go. sigis, Ger. Sieg, OHG. sigu, sigo < Gmc. *sigiz- 'victory' < IE. *segh-es- < IE. *seg`h- 'to hold' (Watkins 74:segh-/Pokorny seg`h- 889); cf. Gr. 'Εκτωρ (personal name: Hector) < IE. *segh-tor 'holder, guarder, defender', Gr. εποχη 'a holding back' (> MnE. epoch), Gr. σχημα 'a holding' (> MnE. scheme), Gr. σχολη 'a holding back > stop, rest, leisure > employment of leisure in disputation, school' (> MnE. scholar, school); Siev. §289 & n.2] --Cpds.: hréð, wíg-.
sigor-éadig**, adj.,
victorious; 1311, 2352.
sín(*), poss. pron. (refl.),
his, her, its, theirs; dsm. sínum, 2160 (
his); dsn. ~, 1236 (
his), 1507 (
her); asm. sínne, 1960 (
his), 1984 (
his), 2283 (
his), 2789 (
his). [Go. seins, Ger. sein]
sinc*, n.,
treasure, jewels, something precious, ornament; 2764; gs. sinces (brytta): 607, 1170, 1922, 2071; ds. since, 1038, 1450, 1615, 1882, 2217, 2746; as. sinc, 81, 1204, 1485, 2023, 2383, 2431; gp. sinca, 2428.
sinc-fæt*, n.,
precious cup, coastly object; as., 1200, 2231, 2300; ap. -fato, 622. [
vat]
sinc-fág*, adj.,
richly decorated; asn.wk. -e, 167. (cp. gold-fág)
sinc-gestréon*, n.,
treasure; gp. -a, 1226; dp. -um, 1092.
sinc-gifa*, wk.m.,
treasure-giver; ds. -gifan, 2311, -gyfan 1342; as. ~, 1012.
sinc-máðþum**, m.,
treasure, jewel; 2193.
sinc-þego*, f.,
receiving of treasure; 2884. [þicgan]
sin-fréa**, wk.m.,
great lord; -fréä, 1934. [sin- 'continual', 'great', see the following sin-cpds. and syn-dolh, -snaéd; cp. sym(b)le; Go. sinteins;
sen-(green) (dial.)]
sin-gál, adj.,
continual; asf. -e, 154.
sin-gála, sin-gáles,(*), adv.,
continually, always; -gála, 190; -gáles, 1777; syngáles, 1135.
singan, III,
sing, ring (forth); [pres. 3 pl. singað, F. 5]; pret. 3 sg. sang, 496, [3152]; song, 323, 1423. [Go. siggwan, OHG. singan < Gmc. *singan < IE. song
wh-o- 'singing, song' < seng
wh- 'to sing, make an incantation' (Watkins 75:seng
wh-/Pokorny seng
uh- 907)] --Cpd.: á-.
sin-here, -hearg, -hearh,**, m. -ja.,
(huge) sacred grove (?-see n.2936 & Tripp 277-8); or
huge army(?); ds. -herge, 2936.
sin-niht*, f. -c.,
perpetual night/darkness; ds. -e, 161.
sint, see
eom.
sío, see
sé.
sioloð**, m.(?),
water, sea (?); gp. sioleða, 2367. (see begong)
siomian, see
seomian.
sittan, V,
sit; pres. 3 sg. siteð, 2906; pret. 3 sg. sæt, 130, 286, 356, 500, 1166, 1190, 2852, 2894; 3 pl. saéton, 1164; --
sit down; inf. sittan, 493, 641; imp. sg. site, 489. [Go. sitan] --Cpds.: be-, for-, of-, ofer-, on-, ymb-; flet-, heal-, ymb(e)-sittend(e).
ge-sittan, V,
sit down (ingress.); pret. 3 sg. gesæt, 171, 749 (
sit up), 1424, 1977, 2417, 2717; pp. geseten, 2104; --w/ acc.,
sit down in: pret. 1 sg. gesæt, 633.
síð, m.,
(1) going, journey, voyage; undertaking, venture, adventure; 501, 765, 1971 (
coming), 2586, 3089; gs. síðes, 579, 1475, 1794, 1908; ds. síðe, 532, 1951, 1993; as. síð, 353, 512, 872, 908, 1278, 1429, 1966; np. síðas, 1986; gp. síða, 318; ap. síðas, 877;
course (of action), way (of doing); ns. síð, 2532, 2541, 3058.
(2) time, occasion; ns. (forma) síð, 716, 1463, 1527, 2626; ds. (forman, nýhstan, etc.) síðe, 740, 1203, 2049, 2286, 2511, 2517, 2670, 2688, [3101], [F. 19]; as. síð, 1579. [Go. sinþs; cp. OE. sendan] --Cpds.: cear-, eft-, ellor-, gryre-, saé-, wil-, wræc-; ge-.
síð, adv. comp.,
later; 2500 (see aér). [Go. (þana-)seiþs; Ger. seit; MnE. since < ME. sithence < OE. siþþan]
ge-selda*, wk.m.,
(one of the same dwelling), companion, comrade; as. geseldan, 1984. [see sæld]
ge-síð, m.,
companion, comrade, follower, retainer; gs. -es, 1297; np. swaése gesíðas, 29, so ap.: 2040, 2518; gp. swaésra gesíða, 1934; dp. gesíðum, 1313, 1924, 2632. [síð 'journey'] --Cpds.: eald-, wil-.
síðast, síðest, adj. supl.,
latest, last; ns. síðas (assimilation of síðast), 2710; dsn.wk. (æt) síðestan, 3013. [Go. seiþus; cp. OE. síð, adv.]
síð-fæt, m.,
adventure, expedition; ds. -fate, 2639; as. -fæt, 202. [cp. ON. feta, vb., 'step']
síð-from*, adj.,
eager to depart; npm. -e, 1813.
síðian, w2.,
go, journey; 720, 808; pret. 3 sg. síðode, 2119. [síð] --Cpd.: for-.
siððan,
I. adv., since, thereupon, afterwards; siððan (þð), 470, 685, 718 (see aér); syððan (ðþ, þð), 142, 283, 567, 1106, 1453, 1901, 1951, [2064], 2071, 2175, 2207, 2217, 2395, 2702, 2806, 2920; seoððan, 1875, seoþðan, 1937.
II. conj., since, from the time when, when, after, as soon as (sometimes shading into
because); siððan (þð, ðþ, þþ), 106, 413, 604, 648, 656, 850, 901, 982, 1148, 1204, 1253, 1261, 1281, 1784; syððan (þð, ðþ), 6 (~ aérest), 115, 132, 722, 834, 886, 1077, 1198, 1206, 1235, 1308, 1420, 1472, 1556, 1589, 1689, 1947 (~ aérest), 1949, 1978, 2012, 2051, 2072, 2092, 2103, 2124, 2201, 2351, 2356, 2388, 2437, 2474, 2501, 2630, 2888, 2911, 2914, 2943, 2960, 2970, [2996], 3002, 3127; seoþðan, 1775. see also sóna. [sið-þon;
sith,
sin(e),
syne (dial.)]
sixtig, num.,
sixty; as., [f. 38].
slaép, m.,
sleep 1742; ds. -e, 1251. [Go. sléps]
slaépan, redup., (w1.),
sleep; pres. ptc. slaépende, 2218; asm. slaépendne, 741; apm. slaépende, 1581. [Go. slépan]
sléac, adj.,
slow, slothful; 2187. [not related to slæc>MnE. slack]
sléan, VI,
(1) strike; abs.: pres. opt. 3 sg. sléä, 681; pret. 3 sg. slóh, 1565, 2678; --w/ obj. (acc.): ~, 2576, 2699, (2179? slóg).
(2) slay; pret. 1 sg. slóg, 421; 3 sg. ~, 108, 2179; slóh, 1581, 2355; 3 pl. slógon, 2050; pp. slægen, 1152. [Go. slahan < Gmc. *slahan < IE. *slak- 'to strike' (Watkins 79:slak-/Pokorny slak- 960); cf. ON. slátr 'butchery', OHG., MDu. slag 'a blow'] --Cpd.: of-.
ge-sléan, VI,
achieve (or
bring about) by fighting; pret. 3 sg. geslóh, 459; 3 pl. geslógon, 2996.
slítan, I,
tear, rend, (slit); pret. 3 sg. slát, 741.
slíðe(*), adj. -ja.,
severe, dangerous, terrible; asm. slíðne, 184; gpn. slíðra, 2398. [Go. sleiþs]
slíðen, adj.,
cruel, dire; nsn., 1147.
ge-slyht(**), n. -i.,
battle, conflict; gp. -a, 2398. [sléan; cp. Ger. Schlact. see ond-slyht; also, wæl-sliht in 'Finnsburh Frag.']
smið, m.,
smith, worker of metals; 1452; gs. smiþes, 406. [Go. -smiþa] --Cpd.: wundor-.
snadan**, VI,
cut off, prevent?; pret. 3 sg. snod, 1944.
snel(l), adj.,
quick, bold, brave; nsm.wk. snella, 2971. [
snell (dial.: Sc., North.); Ger. schnell]
snel-líc(*), adj.,
quick, brave; 690.
snot(t)or, adj.,
wise, prudent, clever; snotor, 190, 826, 908, 1384 (voc.); wk. snotera, 1313; snotra, 2156, 3120; snottra, 1475 (voc.), 1786; npm. snotere, 202, 416, snottre 1591. [Go. snutrs] --Cpd.: fore-.
snotor-líce(**)+, adv.,
wisely, prudently; comp. -lícor, 1842.
snúde, adv.,
quickly, straightaway; 904, 1869, 1971, 2325, 2568, 2752. [cp. Go. sniwan 'hasten']
snyrian*, w1.,
hasten; pret. 3 pl. snyredon, 402. [cp. ON. snarr 'quick']
snyttru, wk.f.,
wisdom, discernment, skill; as., 1726; dp. snyttrum, 872 (semi-adv.), 942, 1706. [snot(t)or] --Cpd.: un-.
sócn, f.,
(seeking), (**)persecution, visitation; gs. sócne, 1777. [sécan; Go. sókns]
sófte, adv.,
softly, gently, pleasantly; comp. séft, 2749. [Go. sanft] --Cpd.: un-.
sol, n.,
mud, wet sand; ds. -e, 302.
somod, see
samod.
sóna, adv.,
immediately, at once, (soon); 121, 721, 743, 750, 1280, 1497, 1591, 1618, 1762, 1785, 1794, 1825, 2011, 2226, 2300, 2713, 2928, [F. 46]. (sóna...siððan: 721, 1280, 2011; cp. sóna...swá (in prose), 'as soon as') [Go. suns, OS. sáno]
sorg(-), see
sorh(-).
sorgian, w2.,
sorrow, grieve, care; 451; imp. sg. sorga, 1384.
sorh, f.,
sorrow, grief, trouble; 473, 1322; ds. sorhge, 2468; as. sorge, 119, 1149, 2463; gp. sorga, 149, sorge 2004; dp. sorgum, 2600. [Go. saúrga] --Cpds.: hyge-, inwit-, þegn-.
sorh-cearig*, adj.,
sorrowful, sad; 2455; nsf. sorg-, 3152.
sorh-ful(l), adj.,
sorrowful; nsf. sorhfull, 2119; --
grievous, perilous, sad; asm. -fullne (síð) 512, -fulne (~): 1278, 1429.
sorh-léas, adj.,
free from care, sorrowless; 1672.
sorh-léoð*, n.,
song of sorrow, dirge; as., 2460.
sorh-wylm*, m. -i.,
surging (welling) sorrow/care; np. -as, 904; dp. -um, 1993.
sóð, adj.,
true; 1611; asn., 2109. [
sooth (arch.); Go. sunjis, ON. sannr; cp. Lat. (prae-)sens]
sóð, n.,
truth; 700; as., 532, 1049, 1700, 2864; (secgan & similarly) tó sóðe,
in sooth, as a fact: 51, 590, 2325.
sóð-cyning*, m.,
king of truth, god; 3055.
sóðe(*), adv.,
truly, faithfully; 524, 871.
sóð-fæst, adj.,
true, righteous (cp. Lat. 'iustus'); gp. -ra, 2820.
sóð-líce, adv.,
truly, verily, faithfully; (secgan & similarly): 141, 273, 2899.
specan, see
sprecan.
spéd, f. -i.,
success; as. on spéd,
successfully, with skill, 873. [
speed; OE. spówan] --Cpds.: here-, wíg-.
spel(l), n.,
tale, story, message; as. spel, 873, spell 2109; gp. spella, 2898, 3029. [MnE.
spell; Go. spill] --Cpd.: wéa-.
spíwan, I,
spew, vomit; (w/ dat.), 2312. [Go. speiwan]
spówan, redup., impers. w/ dat.,
succeed, speed; pret. 3 sg. spéow, [2854], 3026. [see spéd] --Cpd.: for-.
spraéc, f.,
speech, language; ds. -e, 1104. --Cpds.: aéfen-, gylp-.
sprecan, V,
speak; abs.: 2069, 3172; imp. sg. spræc, 1171; pret. 3 sg. spræc, 1168, 1215, 1698, 2510, 2618, 2724; 1 pl. spraécon, 1707; 3 pl. ~, 1595; --w/ object (acc.): inf. specan, 2864; pret. 2 sg. spraéce, 531; 3 sg. spræc, 341; 1 pl. spraécon, 1476; pp. sprecen, 643. [OHG. sprehhan, spehhan; Ger. sprechen]
ge-sprecan, V,
speak; w/ obj.: pret. 3 sg. gespræc, 675, 1398, 1466, 3094.
springan, III,
spring, bound, burst forth, spread; pret. 3 sg. sprang, 18; sprong, 1588, 2966; 3 pl. sprungon, 2582. --Cpds.: æt-, on-.
ge-springan, III,
spring forth, arise; pret. 3 sg. gesprang, 1667; gesprong, 884.
stán, m.,
stone, rock; ds. stáne, 2288, 2557; as. (hárne) stán: 887, 1415, 2553, 2744. [Go. stains] --Cpd.: eorclan-.
stán-beorh(**)+, m.,
stone-barrow; as., 2213.
stán-boga**, wk.m.,
(stone-bow), stone arch; ap. -bogan, 2545, 2718.
stán-clif, n.,
rocky cliff; ap. -cleofu, 2540.
standan, VI,
stand, continue in a certain state; 2271; stondan, 2760; pres. 3 sg. standeð, [1362]; 2 pl. standað, 2866; opt. 3 sg. stande, 411; pret. 3 sg. stód, 32, 145, 926, 935, 1037, 1416, 1434, 1913, 2679; 3 pl. stódon, 328, stódan, 2545, 3047; --w/ subjects like léoht, egesa, (usually expressing direction, 'ingressive':)
start, issue, arise, shine forth; pret. 3 sg. stód: 726, 783, 1570, 2227, 2313, 2769, [F. 35]. (similarly in ON., OS.) [Go. standan] --Cpds.: á-, æt-, for-.
ge-standan, VI,
stand, take up one's stand; pret. 3 sg. gestód, 358, 404, 2566; 3 pl. gestódon, 2597.
stán-fáh*, adj.,
adorned with stones, paved; nsf., 320.
stán-hlið*, n.,
rocky hill with a hollow (Gelling 8-9)
; ap. -o, 1409.
stapol, m.,
post, pillar; dp. stpulum, 2718; --
flight of steps; ds. stapole, 926. [steppan; MnE.
staple; cp.
stoop (='porch')]
starian, w2.,
gaze, look, (stare); usually w/ on and acc.; pres. 1 sg. starige, 1781, starie 2796; 3 sg. starað, 996, 1485; pret. 3 sg. starede, 1935; 3 pl. staredon, 1603.
staél, m.(?),
place, position; ds. -e, 1479. [staþol; MnE.
stalwart]
staélan, w1.,
(lay to one's charge), avenge; 2485; pp. gestaéled, 1340.
stéap, adj.,
steap, high, towering; asm. stéapne, 926, 2566; apm. stéape, 222; apn. stéap, 1409. --Cpd.: heaþo-.
stearc, adj.,
stark, stiff, strong, hard; m.as. stear[c]ne, [2213] (usu. em. stea[p]ne).
stearc-heort**, adj.,
stout-hearted; 2288, 2552. [
stark]
stede, m.,
stead, place; gp., 985.
stefn, m.,
stem, prow; as., 212. Cp. bunden-, hringed-, wunden-stefna.
stefn, m.,
period, time; ds. ní(o)wan stefne (
anew, again), 1789, 2594.
stefn, f.,
voice; 2552. [Go. stibna, Ger. Stimme]
stépan*, w1.,
raise, exalt; pret. opt. 3 sg. stépte, 1717. [stéap]
ge-stépan*, w1.,
advance, support; pret. 3 sg. gestépte, 2393.
steppan, VI,
step, stride, march; pret. 3 sg. stóp, 761, 1401. --Cpd.: æt-.
ge-steppan, VI,
step, walk; pret. 3 sg. gestóp, 2289.
stíg, f.,
path; 320, 2213; ap.(s.?) -e, 1409. [Go. staiga; cp. stígan] --Cpd.: medo-.
stígan, I,
go, step, go up, mount; pret. 3 sg. stág, [2362]; 3 pl. stigon, 212, 225; opt. 3 sg. stige, 676. [
sty (obs.); cp. OE. stile; Go. steigan, Ger. steigen] --Cpd.: á-.
ge-stígan, I,
go (up), set out; pret. 1 sg. gestáh, 632.
stille, adj. -ja.,
still, fixed; 301, 2830.
stincan*, III,
to smell (something) (see Schabram, and n.2288, for evidence of this meaning);
emit vapour/smoke/odour(?), (stink); pret. 3 sg. stonc, 2288. [Go. stigqan]
stíð, adj.,
firm, strong, hard; nsn., 1533.
stíð-mód, adj.,
stout-hearted, firm; 2566.
stondan, see
standan.
stóp, see
steppan.
storm, m.,
storm; 3117; ds. -e, 1131.
stów, f.,
place; 1372; as. -e, 1006, 1378. [Go. staua; cp. MnE.
stow, vb.;
(-)stow(e) in place-names] --Cpd.: wæl-.
straél, m.(f.),
arrow; ds. -e, 1746; gp. -a, 3117. [Ger. Strahl] --Cpd.: here-.
straét, f.,
street; 320; as. -e, 916, 1634. [fr. Lat. strata (sc. via)] --Cpds.: lagu-, mere-.
strang, adj.,
strong; (mægenes) strang, 1844; nsf. strong, 2684; nsn. strang (
severe), 133. --supl. strengest: 196 (mægenes ~), 789 (mægene ~), 1543.
stréam, m.,
stream, current (pl.:
*sea, body of water); as., 2545; np. stréamas, 212; ap. ~, 1261. --Cpds.: brim-, éagor-, ég-, fyrgen-, lagu-.
strégan(*), w1.,
strew, spread; pp. strëd, 2436. [Go. straujan]
strengel**, m.,
chief, ruler; as. (wigena) ~, 3115. [strang]
strengest, see
strang.
strengo, wk.f.,
strength; ds., 2540; strenge, 1533; as. ~, 1270; dp. strengum, 3117 (or fr. streng,
(bow-)string?). --Cpds.: hilde-, mægen-, mere-.
ge-stréon, n.,
wealth, treasure; ns.(p.?), 2037; as.(p.?), 1920, 3166. [
strain] --Cpds.: aér-, eald-, eorl-, héah-, hord-, long-, máðm-, sinc-, þéod-.
strong, see
strang.
strúdan, II,
plunder, ravage, spoil; pret. opt. 3 sg. strude, [3073], 3126.
ge-strýnan, w1.,
acquire, gain; 2798. [see ge-stréon]
stund, f.,
time; dp. stundum,
time and time again, 1423. [
stound (arch., dial.); Ger. Stunde]
stýle, n. -ja.,
steel; ds., 985. [steel fr. Angl. stéle; cp. OHG. stahal, stál]
stýl-ecg**, adj.,
steel-edged; nsn., 1533.
stýran, w1., w/ dat.,
(steer), restrain; pret. 3 sg. stýrde, [F. [18]].
styrian, w1.,
stir up; pres. 3 sg. styreþ, 1374; --
disturb; pret. opt.(?) 3 sg. styrede, 2840; --
treat of, recite; inf., 872.
styrman, w1.,
storm, shout, roar, rage; pret. 3 sg. styrmde, 2552. [storm]
suhterge-fæderan*, wk.m.p.,
nephew (brother's son) and (paternal) uncle; 1164. ('Widsith' l.46: suhtor-fædran. See áþum-swéoras)
sum, adj.,
some (one), one, a certain (one); used as adj.: isn. sume, 2156;--used as subst.;
(a) abs.: nsm. sum, 1251, 3124; nsn. sum (
anything), 271; asm. sumne, 1432; npm. sume, 400, 1113;
(b) w/ partit. gen. (pl., except 712f.; in many cases no partit. relation is perceptible in MnE.): nsm. sum, 248, 314, 1240, 1266, 1312, 1499, 2301; nsn. ~, 1607, 1905; asm. sumne, 713; asn. sum, 675, 2281, 2940(?); w/ gen. of numerals: fíftýna sum (i.e., 'with fourteen others', cp. MHG. selbe zwelfter, etc.), 207; twelfa sum, 2401; eahta sum, 3123; similarly: féara sum, 1412; asm. féara sumne, 3061; manigra sumne, 2091. (sometimes, by litotes,
many (a one): 713, 1113, 675(?), 1240(?)) (sometimes,
a unique (one), an extraordinary (one), cp. Amer. usage) [Go. sums]
sund, n.,
(1) water, *sea, (ocean-)sound, strait; ns. sund, 213, 223; ds. sunde, 517, 1510, 1618; as. 507, 512, 539, 1426, 1444;
(2) swimming; gs. sundes, 1436; ds. sunde, 518(?); as. sund, 508(?). (see n.506-80) [cp. swimman]
ge-sund, adj.,
sound, safe, unharmed; asm. -ne, 1628, 1998; npm -e, 2075; --w/ gen.: apm. (síða) gesunde, 318. see an-sund.
sund-gebland**, n.,
commotion of water, surging water; as., 1450. [blandan]
sund-nyt(t)**, f. -jó,
use of the water/ocean; as. -nytte, 2360. (see dréogan)
sundor-nyt(t)(**)+, f. -jó,
special service; as. sundornytte, 667.
sundur, adv.,
asunder, separately; 2422. [Go. sundró]
sund-wudu*, m. -u.,
sea-wood i.e.
ship; 1906; as., 208. cp. saé-.
sunne, wk.f.,
sun; 606; gs. sunnan, 648; as. ~, 94. [Go. sunnó, OHG. sunno, Ger. Sonne (< IE. *sawen 'sun'); cf. ON. sól, L. sól, W. haul, OIr. súil 'eye' (< IE. *sawel 'sun'), cf. Skt. súrya 'Sun [god]', Av. xvarenah 'halo, solar essence', Gr. 'ηλ&ipsilon;ος 'Sun [god]', Ltv. Sailes (meita) 'sun(-maiden)' (< IE. *swel- 'solar essence')]
sunu, m. -u.,
son; 524, 645, 980, 1009, 1040, 1089, 1485, 1550, 1699, 1808 (ds.?), 2147, 2367, 2386, 2398, 2447, 2602, 2862, 2971, 3076, 3120, {f. 33]; gs. suna, 2455, 2612, sunu, 1278; ds. suna, 1226, 2025, 2160, 2729, sunu, 344, (1808?); as. sunu, 268, 947, 1115, 1175, 2013 (ap.?), 2119, 2394, 2752; vs. sunu, 590, 1652; np. suna, 2380. [Go. sunus, Ger. Sohne] (mostly w/ gen. of proper names: sunu Healfdenes, ~ Ecgðéowes, etc.)
súð, adv.,
south(wards); 858.
Súð-Dene, see
Dene.
swá,
I. adv., so, thus, in this manner; at beginning of a sentence, usually at beginning of
a-line: 20, 99, 144, 164, 189, 559, 1046, 1142, 1534b, 1694 (
also), 1769, 2115, 2144, 2166b, 2177, 2267, 2278, 2291, 2397, 2444, 2462b, 3028, 3066, 3069, 3178 (stressed: 559, 1142, 1694, 2115); position within clause: 1103, 2057, 2498; at end of clause and of
b-line (stressed): 538, 762, 797, 1471, 2091, 2990, similarly, 1709, 2730; w/ foll. adj.,
so; 585, 1732, 1843, similarly, 591, [F. 19]; emphat. (
very), 347; len swá wél, 1854; correl swá...swá, see II. --swá þéah (at end of
b-line), 972, 1929, 2442, 2878, 2967, see þéah.
II. conj., as; not foll. by clause; 642, 1787, 2622; foll. by clause, usu. at beginning of
b-line (freq. one containing complete clause); 29b, 93b, 273a, 352b, 401b, 444b (swá hé oft dyde, similarly:) 956b, 1058b, 1134b, 1172b, 1238b, 1381b, 1676b, 1891b, 2521b, 2859b; 490b, 561b, 666b, 881b, 1055b, 1234b, 1252b, 1396b, 1451b, 1571a (efne swá), 1587b, 1670b, 1707a, 1786b, 1828a, 1975b, 2233a, 2310b, 2332b, 2470b, 2480b, 2491b, 2526b, 2585b, 2590b, 2608b, 2664a, 2696b, 3049b, 3078b, 3098b, 3140b, 3161b, 3174b; within
b-line: 455b, 1231b; correl. swá...swá: 594, 1092 f., 1223, 1283 (efne swá...swá), 3168; swá hwæþer...swá, 686 .; swá hwylc...swá, 943, 3057; --
as (soon as), when, 1667b;--
since, 2184a;--
in such a way that, so that (in negat. clauses), 1048b, 1508a, 2006a, 2574b, [F. 41]; w/ opt., in asseveration: 455b. [Go. swa, OHG. só] (see Ericson, 'The use of swá in OE.', 1929 & Blockey 'Aspects of OE. Syntax', 1998)
swancor*, adj.,
supple, graceful; apn., 2175. [
swank (dial.)]
swan-rád*, f.,
swan-road, sea; as. -e, 200. cp. hron-.
swát, m.,
(sweat), (*)blood; 2693, 2966; ds. -e, 1286. --Cpds.: heaþo-, hilde-.
swát-fáh*, adj.,
blood-stained; nsf., 1111.
swátig, adj.,
(sweaty), *bloody; nsn., 1569.
swát-swaðu**, f.,
bloody track (swathe); 2946.
swaþrian(*), w2.,
subside, become still; pret. 3 pl. swaþredon, 570. Cp. sweðrian.
swaðu, f.,
track, (swathe); as. swaðe (weardade,
remained behind), 2098. see lást. --Cpds.: swát-, wald-.
swaþul**, m. or n.,
flame, heat; ds. -e, 782. see swioðol, sweoloð.
swaés, adj.,
(*) (one's) own, dear; asm. -ne, 520; npm. swaése (gesíþas), 29, so apm.: 2040, 2518; gpm. -ra (gesíða), 1934; apm. -e, 1868. [Go. swés]
swaés-líce, adv.,
in a friendly manner, gently; 3089.
swæþer(**)+ (=swá hwæþer), pron.,
whichever of two; asn., [F. 27]. (cp. Beowulf l.686).
sweart, adj.,
black, dark, (swart, swarthy); 3145, [F. 35]; dpf. -um, 167.
swebban, w1.,
(put to sleep), *kill; 679; pres. 3 sg. swefeð, 600. [swefan] --Cpd.: á-.
sweccan, w1.,
smell; pret. 3 sg. swecte, 1510.
swefan(*), V,
sleep, sleep in death; 119, 729, 1672; pres. 3 sg. swefeþ, 1008, 1741, 2060, 2746; 3 pl. swefað, 2256, 2457; pret. 3 sg. swæf, 1800; 3 pl. swaéfon, 703, swaéfun 1280.
swefeð, 600, see
swebban.
swég, m. -i.,
sound, music, noise; 644, 782, 1063; hearpan swég: 89, 2458, 3023; ds. swége, 1214. [swógan] --Cpds.: benc-, morgen-.
swegl*, n.,
sky, heaven; gs. (under) swegles (begong): 860, 1773; ds. (under) swegle: 1078, 1197.
swegl(**), adj. -u.(?),
bright, brilliant; apm. swegle, 2749. [swegl, n.; cp. OS. swigli]
swegl-wered**, adj. (pp.),
clothed with radiance; nsf. (sunne) ~, 606. [werian 'clothe']
swelan*, IV,
burn(intr.); 2713. see be-swaélan.
swelgan, III,
swallow; w/ dat.: pret. 3 sg. swealh, 743; swealg, 3155; w/ ellipsis of pron. obj.: pret. opt. 3 sg. swulge, 782. --Cpd.: for- (w/ acc.).
swellan, III,
swell; 2713. [cf. Go. ufswalleins]
sweltan, III,
die; pret. 3 sg. swealt, 1617, 2474; morðre ~: 892, 2782, -déaðe ~, 3037; similarly, 2358. [
swelt(er); Go. swiltan 'lie dying']
swencan, w1.,
press hard, harass, afflict; pp. geswenced, 975, 1368. [swincan] --Cpd.: lyft-geswenced.
sweng, m. -i.,
blow, stroke; ds. -e, 2686, 2966; dp. -um, 2386. [swingan] --Cpds.: feorh-, heaðu-, heoro-, hete-, hond-.
sweofot(*), m. or n.,
sleep; ds. -e, 1581, 2295. [swefan]
sweoloð(**), m. or n.,
heat, flames; ds. -e, 1115.
Swéon, wk.m.p.,
Swedes; i.e.
inhabitants of the east central part of present Sweden (northeast of Lakes Väner & Vätter); gp. Swéona, 2472, Swóna, 2946; ~ léodum (-e), 2958, 3001. [O.Ice. Svíar, O.Sw. Swéar, Swíar; cf. Go. swés, OE. swaés 'one's own'] see Scylfingas.
swéor-, see in compound
áþum-swéoras.
sweorcan, III,
become dark, become grievous; pres. 3 sg. sweorceð, 1737. [OS. swerkan] --Cpd.: for-.
ge-sweorcan, III,
be dark, lower; pret. 3 sg. geswearc, 1789.
sweord, swurd, swyrd, n,
sword; sweord, 1286, 1289, 1569, 1605, 1615, 1696, 2499, 2509, 2659, 2681, 2700; swurd, 890; gs. sweordes, 1106, 2193, 2386; ds. sweorde, 561, 574, 679, 2492, 2880, 2904; [swurde, F. 13]; as. sweord, 437, 672, 1808, 2252, 2518, 2562; swurd, 1901; swyrd, 2610, 2987; np. swyrd, 3048; gp. sweorda, 1040, 2936, [2961]; dp. sweordum, [567], 586, 884; ap. sweord, 2638; swurd, 539; [sword, F. 15]. [OS. swerd, Ger. Schwert] --Cpds.: eald-, gúð-, máðþum-, waég-.
sweord-bealo**, n. -wa.,
sword-evil, death by the sword; 1147.
sweord-freca**, wk.m.,
(sword-) warrior; ds. -frecan, 1468.
sweotol, adj.,
clear, manifest; nsm. swutol, 90; nsn. sweotol, 817, 833; dsnwk. sweotolan, 141.
Swéo-ðéod, f.,
the Swedish people; ds. -e, 2922. [ON. Sví-þjóð, cf. 'Leges Edwardi Confessoris' 32E: Suetheida 'Sweden'] see Swío-ríce.
swerian, VI,
swear; make an oath pret. 1 sg. swór, 2738; 3 sg. ~, 472. [Go. swaran; cp. and-swaru] --Cpd.: for-.
Swerting, m.,
(maternal) uncle of Hygelác; gs. -es, 1203. [sweart 'black; ON. Svertingr]
swéte, adj.,
sweet, fragrant, pure, pleasant; asm. swétne, [F. 39].
sweðrian, w2.,
subside, diminish, cease; 2702; pret. 3 sg. sweðrode, 901.
swícan, I,
depart, escape; pret. opt. 3 sg. swice, 966; --
fail (in one's duty to another),
desert; w/ dat.: pret. 3 sg. swác, 1460.
ge-swícan, I,
fail, prove inefficient; w/ dat.,
fail, desert; pret. 3 sg. geswác, 1524, 2584, 2681.
swift, adj.,
swift; nsm.wk. -a, 2264.
swíge, adj. -ja.,
silent; comp. swígra, 980.
swígian, w2.,
be silent; pret. 3 sg. swígode, 2897 (w/ gen.); 3 pl. swígedon, 1699. [Ger. schweigen]
swilce, see
swylce.
swín, n.,
(swine), **image of a boar (on a helmet); ns. swýn, 1111; as. swín, 1286. [Go. swein, ON. svín < Gmc. *swínam 'swine' < IE. *suh-íno- < IE. *suh- (Watkins 87:sú-/Pokorny su-s 1039); cf. OE. hogg < Br. Celt. express. *sukko- 'swine, snout of a swine', OE. sugu 'sow' < Gmc. *sugó, OE. sú 'pig' < Gmc. *sú-]
swincan, III,
labour, toil; pret. 2 pl. swuncon, 517. [
swink (arch., dial.)]
ge-swing*, n.,
vibration, swirl, surf; 848.
swingan, III,
*fly; pres. 3 sg. swingeð, 2264. (nearly always trans. in OE.) [
swing]
swín-líc**, n.,
boar-figure; dp. -um, 1453.
Swío-ríce, n. -ja.,
Sweden; ds., 2383, 2495. [Sw. Sverige]
swioðol(**), m. or n.,
fire, flame; ds. swioðole, [3145]. see swaþul, sweoloð.
swíð, adj.,
strong, harsh; nsn. swíð, 3085; swýð, 191. Comp. nsf. swíðre,
right (hand), 2098. [Go. swinþs; Ger. geschwind] --Cpd.: ðrýð-.
swíðe, adv., (w/ adj. or verb),
very, much, very much; 597, 997, 1092, 1743, 1926; swýðe, 2170, 2187. Comp. swíðor,
more, rather, 960, 1139;
more especially, 1874, 2198. --Cpd.: un-.
swíð-ferhð*, adj.,
strong-minded, determined, brave; 826 (swýð-), gsm. -es, 908; npm. -e, 493; dpm. -um, 173.
swíð-hicgende**, adj. (pres. ptc.),
strong-minded, valiant; 919; npm., 1016.
swíð-mód(*), adj.,
stout-hearted, strong-minded; 1624.
swógan, redup.,
resound, roar; pres. ptc. swógende, 3145. [
sough; OS. swógan, Go. ga-swógjan]
swór, see
swerian.
swulces, see
swylc.
swurd, see
sweord.
swurd-léoma**, wk.m.,
sword-light; [F. 35].
swutol, see
sweotol.
swylc, pron.,
(1) demonstr.,
such; 178, 1940, 2541, 2708; gsn. swulces, 880; asn. swylc, 996, 1583, 2798; gpm. swylcra, 582; gpn. ~, 2231; apm. swylce, 1347.
(2) relat.,
such as, which (one); dsm. swylcum, 299; asf. (pl.?) swylce, 1797; asn. swylc, 72; apm. swylce, 1156 (?, see swylce).
(3) correl.,
such...as; nsm. swylc ...~, 1328, 1329; isn. swylce ...~, 1249a, 1249b; apf. swylce...~, 3164a, 3164b. [Go. swa-leiks]
swylce,
I. adv., likewise, also; 113, 293, 830, 854, 907, 920, 1146, 1165, 1427, 1482, 2258 (gé ~), 2767, 2824, 3150; swilce, 1152.
II. conj., (such) as; 757, 1156(?), 2459, 2869; [
as if, F. 36, w/ opt.]. --(except in 2824, always at beginning of half-line)
[< swá-líc; Go. swaleiks]
swylt*, m. -i.,
death; 1255, 1436. [sweltan; Go. swulta (-waírþja)]
swylt-dæg*, m.,
day of death; ds. -e, 2798.
swymman (swimman), III,
swim; move through water 1624. [cf. Go. swumfsl 'pool'] --Cpd.: ofer-.
swýn, see
swín.
swynsian (swinsian), w2.,
make a (pleasing/cheerful) sound; pret. 3 sg. swynsode, 611. [swin(n)]
swyrd, see
sweord.
swyrd-gifu**, f.,
giving of swords; 2884. see sweord.
swýð(e), see
swíð(e).
sý, see
eom.
syfan-wintre(**)+, adj. -ja. (-u.),
seven years (winters) old; 2428. [Go. -wintrus]
syfone, see
seofon.
syl(l) (**)+, f. -jó.,
sill, floor; ds. sylle, 775. [cp. Go. ga-suljan]
sylf, see
self.
syllan, see
sellan.
syl-líc, see
sel-líc.
symbel, n.,
feast, banquet; ds. symble, 119, 2104; symle, 81, 489, 1008; as. symbel, 564, 619, 1010, 2431; gp. symbla, 1232. [OS. ds. sumble, ON. sumbl. fr. Lat. (Gr.) symbola(?)]
symbel-wyn(n)**, f. -jó. (-i.),
joy of feasting, delightful feast; as. symbelwynne, 1782.
sym(b)le (sim(b)le), adv.,
ever, always, continuously; symble, 2450; symle, 2497, 2880. [Go. simlé 'once upon a time'; cf. Lat. semel, simul]
symle, ds., see
symbel.
syn(n), f. -jó.,
sin, crime; dp. synnum, 975, 1255, 3071. --
wrong-doing, hostility; ns. synn, 2472. --Cpd.: un-.
syn-bysig**, adj.,
distressed by sin, guilty; 2226. [
busy]
syn-dolh (sin-)**, n.,
very great wound; 817. see the sin-cpds.
syndon, see
eom.
ge-sýne, adj. (-i.) -ja.,
visible, evident; 2947, 3158; nsn., 1255, 2316, 3058; npm., 1403. [
seen; Go. (ana-)siuns; cp. OE. séon] --Cpd.: éþ-.
syn-gáles, see
sin-gáles.
ge-syngian, w2.,
sin, commit a crime; pp. gesyngad, 2441.
syn-scaþa(*), wk.m.,
sin-scather, malefactor, miscreant, sinful criminal; 707, as. -scaðan, 801. cp. mán-.
syn-snaéd**, f. -i.,
huge morsel; dp. -um, 743. [sníðan] see the sin-cpds.
synt, see
eom.
ge-synto, f.,
health, safety; dp. gesyntum, 1869. [ge-sund]
syrce, wk.f.,
shirt of mail; 1111; np. syrcan, 226; ap. ~, 334. [
sark (dial: Sc., North.); ON. serkr] --Cpds.: beadu-, here-, hioro-, leoðo-, líc-.
syrwan, w1.,
plot, ambush; pret. 3 sg. syrede, 161. [searo] --Cpd.: be-.
syððan, see
siððan.