HOME
Beowulf on Steorarume

S

sacan, VI, contend, fight; 439. [Go. sakan] --Cpd.: on-.

ge-sacan, VI, contend, fight; 1004.

sacu, f., strife, fighting; 1857, 2472; as. sæce, 154. [sake; Ger. Sache; OS. saka 'lawsuit', 'enmity', etc.]

ge-saca, wk.m., adversary, opponent, foe; as. gesacan, 1773. [sacan; cp. andsaca]

ge-sacu(**), f., contention, enmity; 1737. (=sacu)

sadol(**)+, m., saddle; 1038.

sadol-beorht**, adj., saddle-bright; apn., 2175.

sál, m., rope; ds. -e, 1906. [Ger. Seil]

sálum, see saél.

samod,
  I. adv., together; 2196; samod ætgædere, 329b, 387b, 729b, 1063b; --also (postpos.); somod, 2174; ond...somod, 1211, 1614, 2343, 2987.
  II. prep., w/ dat., simultaneously with, at, in: **samod aérdæge, 1311, somod ~, 2942 (cp. mid ~, 126). [Go. samaþ; cp. MnE. same fr. ON.]

sand, n., sand, shore; ds. -e, 213, 295, 1896, 1917, 1964, 3033.

sang, m., song, cry; 90, 1063; as., 787, 2447. [Go. saggws < Gmc. *sangwaz - see further etym. notes under OE. singan]

sár, n., (sore), pain, wound; 975; as., 787. [Go. sair] --Cpd.: líc-.

sár, adj., sore, grievous, bitter, painful; nsf., 2468; dpn. -um, 2058.

sáre, adv., sorely, grievously, painfully; 1251, 2222, 2295, 2311, 2746. [Ger. sehr]

sárig, adj., sad, mournful; asm. -ne, 2447. [sorry]

sárig-ferð*, adj., sad at heart; 2863.

sárig-mód(**)(+), adj., sad-hearted, low-spirited; dpm. -um, 2942.

sár-líc, adj., painful, sad; nsn., 842; asn., 2109.

sáwl-berend**, m. -c., (soul-bearer), human being; gp. -ra, 1004. (cp. gaést-, feorh-berend).

sáwol, f., soul, spirit, life; 2820; gs. sáwele, 1742, sáwle, 2422; as. sáwle, 184, 801, 852. [Go. saiwala]

sáwol-léas, adj., lifeless; asm. -ne, 1406, 3033 (sáwul-).

sáwul-dríor*, m. or n., life-blood; ds. -e, 2693.

saé, m.f. -i., sea; 579, 1223; ds., 318, 544; as., 507 (masc.), 2380, 2394 (fem, lake); dp. (be) saém (twéonum), 858, 1297, 1685, 1956. [Go. saiws, Ger. See]

saé-bát*, m., sea-boat, ship; as., 633, 895.

sæc(c)*, f. -jó., fighting, battle, conflict, quarrel; gs. secce, 600; ds. (æt) sæcce, 953, 1618, 1665, 2612, 2659, 2681, (tó) ~, 2686; as. ~, 1977, 1989, 2347, 2499, 2562; ap. (gp.?) sæcca, 2029. [Go. sakjó. see sacu]

sæce, see sacu.

saé-cyning**, m., sea-king; gp. -a, 2382. [cp. ON. saé-konungr]

sæd, adj., w/ gen., satiated with, having had one's fill of, wearied with; asm. -ne, 2723. [sad]

saédan, saéde, see secgan.

saé-déor(**)+, n., sea-beast; 1510. see mere-.

saé-draca(**)(+), wk.m., sea-serpent; ap. -dracan, 1426.

saégan, w1., law low, slay; pp. gesaéged,884. [sígan] Saé-Géatas, see Géatas.

saé-géap**, adj., curved (or spacious) (for use on the sea); 1896. see géap.

saé-genga(**)+, wk.m., sea-goer, i.e. **ship; 1882, 1908. [gangan]

saégon, see séon.

saé-grund, m., bottom of the sea; ds. -e, 564.

sæl*, n., hall; as. sæl, 2075, 2264; sel, 167. [Ger. Saal; cp. sele]

saél, mf. -i., (1) time, proper time, opportunity, season; 622, 1008, 1665, 2058; gp. saéla, 1611; ap. séle, 1135. (2) happiness, joy; dp. saélum, 1322; on sálum 607, on saélum 643, 1170 (see: on). [seal (dial.); cp. Go. séls 'kind', 'good'; ge-saélan, ge-saélig] see maél.

saé-lác**, n., sea-booty; ds. -láce, 1624; ap. -lác, 1652.

saé-lád*, f., sea-journey, voyage; ds. -e, 1139, 1157.

saélan(*), w1., fasten, moor; pret. 3 sg. saélde, 1917; 3 pl. saéldon, 226; twist; pp. gesaéled, 2764. [sál] --Cpd.: on-.

ge-saélan, w1., befall, chance, turn out favourably; pret. 3 sg. gesaélde, 574, 890, 1250. [saél]

sæld(*), n., hall; as., 1280. [perh. blending of two stems: sæl (cp. Go. saljan, saliþwós) and seþel--seld 'seat'] see ge-selda, seld-guma, medu-seld.

saé-líðend*, m.-c. [pl.], sea-farer; np., 411, 1818, 2806; -e, 377.

sæltimbred**, adj. or subst. (pp.), timbered-hall; [307].

saélð, f., happiness, joy, good fortune; gs. saélðe, 3152.

saé-man(n), m.-c., sea-man; gp. -manna, 329; dp. -mannum, 2954.

saé-méþe**, adj. -ja., sea-weary; npm. 325. see hyge-.

saémra, adj. comp., inferior, worse, weaker; 2880; dsm. saémran, 953. cp. saéne.

saé-næs(s)(**)(+), m., (sea-)headland; ap. -næssas, 223, 571.

saéne, adj. -ja., slow; comp. saénra, 1436. [cp. Go. sainjan 'delay']

saé-rinc*, m., sea-man, -warrior; 690.

saé-síð**, m., sea-journey, voyage; ds. -e, 1149.

saé-weal(l)*, m., sea-wall, shore; ds. -wealle, 1924.

saé-wong**, m., plain by the sea; as., 1964.

saé-wudu**, m. -u., (sea-wood), ship; as., 226.

saé-wylm**, m. -i., sea-welling, billow, ocean wave, surging of (ocean) water; ap. -as, 393. [weallan]

scacan, VI, hasten, pass, depart; w/ prep. or adv. of local force: 1802; pres. 3 sg. sceaceð, 2742; pret. 3 sg. scóc, 3118; abs., pp. (gone): scacen, 1124b, 1136b, sceacen, 2306b, 2727b. [shake]

ge-scád, n., distinction, discrimination; gescád witan (w/ gen.), understand, be a judge (of), 288. (cp. Ger. 'Beschied wissen') see gescádan.

ge-scádan, redup., decide; pret. 3 sg. gescéd, 1555. [Go. skaidan; shed]

scadu-helm**, m., cover of shadow (night), darkness; gp. -a (gesceapu), 650 ('shapes of darkness', i.e. 'night'). cp. niht-helm.

scami(g)an, w2., be ashamed; scamigan (w/ gen.), 1026; pres. ptc. npm. scamiende, 2850.

scaþa, see sceaþa.

ge-scæp-hwíl**, f., fated time (hour); ds. -e, 26. [see ge-sceap; scyppan]

sceacen, sceaceð, see scacan.

scead, n., pl. sceadu, shade(s), shadow; ap., 707. [Go. skadus < Gmc. *skadwaz < IE. *skot-wo- < IE. *skot- 'dark, shade' (Watkins 79:skot-/Pokorny skot- 958); cf. Gr. σκοτος 'darkness'] see sceadu-.

sceáden-maél**, n., (ornamented with distinctive or branching patterns, i.e.) damascened/pattern-welded sword; 1939. cp. wunden-maél.

sceadu-genga**, wk.m., walker in shadow; 703.

ge-sceaft, f. -i., (creation, abstr., & concr. collect.), world; as., 1622. [scyppan, Go. gaskafts] --Cpds.: forð-, líf-, maél-; cp. won-sceaft.

scealc(*), m., (servant), retainer, warrior, man; 918, 939. [Go. skalks, Ger. Schalk; cp. MnE. marshall] --Cpd.: béor-.

ge-sceap, n., creation, creature, shape, form; np. gesceapu, 650. --Cpd.: héah-.

sceapen, see scyppan.

scearp, adj., sharp, acute, clever; 288. --Cpd.: beadu-, heaðo-.

scéat, m., corner, district, region, lap; gp. scéatta, 752; ap. -as, 96. [Go. skauts, Ger. Schoss; MnE. sheet (fr. scíete)]

sceat(t), m., property, money, treasure; ap. sceattas, 1686. [Go. skatts, Ger. Schatz] --Cpd.: gif-.

sceaþa, wk.m., one who does harm, enemy; criminal; gp. sceaþena 4, sceaðone 274; --*warrior; np. scaþan, 1803, 1895. [sceððan]. --Cpds.: attor-, dol-, féond-, gúð-, hearm-, léod-, mán-, scyn, syn-, þéod-, úht-.

scéawian, w2., look at, view, examine, see, behold; 840, 1413, 2402, 2744, 3032, scéawigan 1391; pres. 2 pl. scéawiað, 3104; opt. 1 sg. scéawige, 2748; 1 pl. scéawian, 3008; pret. 3 sg. scéawode, 843, 1687, 2285, 2793; 3 pl. scéawedon, 132, 204, 983, 1440; pp. gescéawod, 3075, 3084 (perh. 'shown', 'presented' fr. ge-scéawian). [show; Ger. schauen] cp. léas-scéawere.

Scede-land (=Sceden-), n., see Sceden-íg; dp. -landum 19.

Sceden-íg, f. -jó., name of the southernmost part of the Scandinavian peninsula (Skane), applied to the Danish realm; ds. -egge, 1686. [ON. Skán-ey, Lat. Sca(n)dinavia, mod. Sw. Skane; gloss: ég-stréam 'flood, ocean']

Scéfing, m., appellation of Scyld ('son of Scéf'); 4. [scéaf, Mn.E. sheaf]

sceft (sceaft), m., shaft (of arrow); 3118; [ds. -e, F. 7 (spear)] --Cpds.: here-, wæl-scaeft (spear).

scel, see sculan.

scencan, w1., pour out, give to drink; pret. 3 sg. scencte, 496. [skink (dial.); Ger. schenken]

scenn (scenna, -e?) **, sword-guard (?), plate of metal on handle of sword(?); dp. scennum, 1694. [cp.(?) Du. scheen 'iron band'; perh. referring to the grip, which was covered with leather, and thus being cognate with Gmc. *skanjo, MHG. schene 'membrane', ON. skán 'crust', as well as MnE. skin]

ge-sceód, see ge-sceðþan.

scéotan, II, shoot; pres. 3 sg. scéoteð, 1744. --Cpd.: of-.

ge-scéotan(**)+, II, w/ acc., (shoot), **dart to, hasten to; pret. 3 sg. gescéat, 2319.

scéotend(*), m. -c., shooter (archer), warrior; np., 703, 1154; to pay; pp. dp. scótenum (paid things), 1026.

scepen, see scyppan.

sceran, IV, (shear), cut through; pret. 3 sg. gescær, 1526; gescer, 2973.

sceþðan, VI, w1., injure, harm; w/ dat.: 1033, 1524; pret. 3 sg. scód, 1887; sceþede, 1514; --abs., w/ on & acc.: sceðþan, 243 (make a raid). [Go. skaþjan; MnE. scathe fr. ON. skaða]

ge-sceþðan, VI, injure, harm; w/ dat.; 1447; pret. 3 sg. gescód, 1502, 1587, 2777; gesceód, 2222.

scildig, see scyldig.

scild-weall**, m., shield-wall, phalanx(?); as., 3118.

scild-wiga, see scyld-.

scile, see sculan.

scínan, I, shine; 1517; pres. 3 sg. scíneð, 606, 1571; [scýneð, F. 7]; pret. 3 sg. scán, 321, 405, 1965; 3 pl. scinon, 994; scionon, 303.

scinna(*), wk.m., spectre, evil spirit, demon, ("shine"); dp. scinnum, 939. [Go. skeinan]

scionon, see scínan.

scip, n., ship, boat; 302; gs. -es, 35, 896; ds. -e, 1895; as. scip, 1917; dp. scypon, 1154. [Go. skip]

ge-scipe**, n. -i., fate; ds., 2570. [cp. gesceap]

scip-here, m. -ja., ship-army, naval force; ds. -herge, 243.

scír, adj., bright, resplendent, glorious, clear; 979; nsn., 322; gsn.wk. scíran, 1694; asn. scír, 496. [Go. skeirs; MnE. sheer]

scireð, see sceran.

scír-ham**, adj., in bright armour; npm. -e, 1895.

(ge-)scód, see (ge-)sceþðan.

scofen, see scúfan.

scop, m., poet, singer, bard; 496, 1066; gs. -es, 90. [cp. OHG. scof]

(ge-)sc(e)óp, see (ge-)scyppan.

scrífan, I, decree, adjudge, impose (sentence), w/ dat. of pers.; 979. [fr. Lat. scribere; shrive] --Cpd.: for-.

ge-scrífan, I, decree, assign, w/ dat. of pers. & acc. of thing; pret. 3 sg. gescráf, 2574.

scríðan, I, glide, slink, slither, wander, move, stride; 650, 703, 2569; pres. 3 pl. scríþað, 163. [Ger. schreiten]

scucca, wk.m., demon, devil; dp. scuccum, 939. [shuck, (old) Shock (dial. - East Anglia) 'barguest']

scúfan, II, shove, push, move forward; pret. 3 pl. scufon, 215; scufun, 3131; pp. scofen, 918. [Go. skiuban] --Cpds.: be-; wíd-scofen.

sculan, pret-pres., (pres.:) must, ought, is to; shall(infreq.); (pret.:) had to, was to, should(infreq.); pres. 1 sg. sceal, 251; 2 sg. scealt, 588, 2666; 3 sg. sceal, 20, 183, 271, 287, 440, 977, 1004, 1060, 1172, 1386, 1534, 2166, 2525, 2590, 2884, 3108, 3114; sceall, 3014, 3077; scel, 455 (inf. to be supplied from preceding main clause), 2804, 3010; opt. 3 sg. scyle, 2657, scile, 3176; pret. 3 sg. sceoldest, 2056; 3 sg. scolde, 10, 85, 805, 819, 1070, 1106, 1443, 1449, 1464; sceolde, 2341, 2400, 2408, 2421, 2442, 2585 (inf. to be supplied from preced. main clause), 2589, 2627, 2918, 2963, 2974, [F. 29]; 3 pl. scoldon, 41, 832, 1305, 1637; opt. 3 sg. scolde, 965, 1328, sceolde 2708; --chiefly expressive of futurity: shall (am determined to); pres. 1 sg. sceal, 384, 424, 438, 601, 636, 1706, 2069; sceall, 2498, 2535; 2 sg. scealt, 1710; 3 sg. sceal, 1862, 3018, sceall, 2508, 3021; 1 pl. sculon, 683; pret. 3 sg. sceolde (was to), 3068; opt. scolde (should, were to, would), 1 sg., 1477; 3 sg., 280, 691, 910 (ind.?); --ref. to the performance of an act (or to a state) in accordance w/ one's nature or custom or as a duty (semi-periphrastic); pres. 3 sg. sceall ('it is his to...'), 2275; pret. 3 sg. scolde, 230, 1034, 1067, 1260; 3 pl. scoldon, 704, 1798 ('were wont to'), sceoldon 2257; suggesting certainty: pres. 3 sg. sceal ('is sure to'), 24. --w/ omission of inf. of verb of motion: 1 sg. sceal, 2816, opt. 2 sg. scyle, 1179; of wesan (denot. future:) 3 sg. sceal, 1783, 1855, 2255, 2659. [Go. skulan, Ger. sollen]

scúr-heard*, adj., shower-hard, resilient in the storm of battle; nsf., 1033. [Go. skúra-] (cf. 'Andreas' l.1134 (scúrheard); 'Judith' l.79 (scúrum heard))

scyld, m., shield; 2570, [F. 7]; as., 437, 2675; ap. -as, 325, 333, 2850. [Go. skildus, Ger. Schild] Cf. Scyld, Scylding(as).

scyldan, w1., protect, shield; pret. opt. (ind.?) 3 sg. scylde, 1658. [scyld]

scyld-freca**, wk.m., (shield-)warrior; 1033.

scyldig, adj., guilty; (synnum) scildig, 3071 (cp. fáh 978, 1001); (w/ gen. of crime:) morðres scyldig, 1683; having forfeited (w/ gen.): ealdres ~, 1338, 2061. [scyld 'guilt'; sculan]

Scyld, m., mythical Danish king; 4, 26; gs. -es, 19. [scyld 'shield']

Scyldingas (Scild-, 229, 351, 1183, 2101, 2106), m.p., (descendants of Scyld, members of Danish dynasty), Danes (poet. name); np. hwate ~, 1601, 2052 (Scyldungas); gp. Scyldinga, 53, 229, 913, 1069, 1154, 1168, 1563; wine ~, 30, 148, 170, 1183, 2026, 2101 (Scildunga); fréan ~, 291, 351, 500, 1166; helm ~, 371, 456, 1321; eodor ~, 428, 663; þéoden ~, 1675, 1871; léod ~, 1653, 2159 (Scyldunga); witan ~, 778; winum ~, 1418; dp. Scyldingum, 274; ap. Scyldingas, 58. Scylding, ns.: gamela ~ (i.e. Hróðgár), 1792, Scilding, 2105. [scyld, Scyld; ON. Skjoldungar] --Cpds.: Ár-Scyldingas; gp. -a, 464; dp. -um, 1710 [ár 'honour'] Here-Scyldingas; gp. -a, 1108 [here 'army'] Sige-Scyldingas; gp. -a, 597; dp. -um, 2004 [sige 'victory'] Þéod-Scyldingas; np., 1019 [þéod 'people']. see Dene.

scyle, see sculan.

Scylfingas (Scilf-), m.p., (Swedish dynasty), Swedes; gp. Scylfinga: helm ~, 2381, léod ~, 2603. Scylfing, ns.: gomela ~ (i.e. Ongenþéow), 2487, 2968 (Scilfing). [ON. Skilfing(a)r; ON. -skjálf, OE. scielf, scylf, 'peak, crag, pinnacle'; cf. MHG. ('Nibelungelied') Schilbunc (-ung)] --Cpds.: Gúð-Scilfingas; ap. 2927 [gúð 'war'] Heaðo-Scilfingas; ap. 2205 [heaðo- 'war'] Heaðo-Scilfing; gs. -as, 63 (i.e. Onela). --see Swéon.

scyndan, w1., hasten; intr., 2570; trans., pp. scynded, 918. [ON. skynda]

scýne(*), adj. -ja., beautiful, fair; nsf. (wk.?), 3016. [sheen; Go. skauns (adj. -i.), Ger. schön]

scyp, see scip.

scyppan, VI, create, shape, make; pp. scepen, 2913; assign (name): pret. 3 sg. scóp, 78. [Go. ga-skapjan] --Cpd.: earm-sceapen.

ge-scyppan, VI, create; pret. 3 sg. gesceóp, 97.

scyppend, m. -c., creator (god); 106.

scýran (scíran), w1., clear up, settle; 1939. [scír; Go. skeirjan]

sé (se), séo, þæt, dem. pron.; (a) dem. adj. & def. article, the, that: (b1) subst., that one, he, she, that, it; (b2) relat., that, who, which, what; (b3) sé (etc.) þe, relat. --nsm. sé, se, (a) 107 times, 84, 86, 92, 102, 205, 258, etc.; (b1) 9 times, 196, 469, 898, etc.; (b2) 12 times, 143, 370, 1267, etc.; (b3) sé þe 47 times, 79, 87, 90, 103, 230, 289, etc.; 441: sé þe hine (he whom); 2292: sé ðe, he whom. --nsf. séo 13 times; (a) 12 times, 66, 146, etc., 2031, 2258a, 2323; (b3) séo ðe: 1445; sío 17 times, 2024, 2087, 2098, 2258b, 2403, and then regularly; (a) 13 times; (b1): 2024, 2087, (b2): 2258b; síe, (a) 2219. --nsn. þæt (usually spelt þ) 66 times; (a) 19 times, 15, 133, 191, 890, etc.; (b1) 46 times; mostly: þæt wæs, 11, 170, 309, etc. (ne wæs þæt, 716, 734, 1455, 1463, 2415, 2586; þæt is (bið), 454, 1002, 1388, 1611, 2000, 2999; nis þæt, 249, 1361, 2532; (b2): 453, 2500. --gsm. þæs 9 times, ðæs 10 times; (a) 18 times, 132, 326(gsn.?), 989, 1030, etc.; (b1): 1145(gsn.?). --gsf. þaére, (a): 109 (d.?), 1025, 2546, 2887; ðaére, (a): 562; [F. 20]. --gsn. þæs (incl. ðæs 10 times) 49 times; (a) 5 times, 1467, etc.; (b1) w/ verbs governing the gen.: 350, 586, 778, 1598, 2026, 2032; (semi-adv.) for that, therefor, because of that, w/ expressions of compensation, reward, thanks, rejoicing, sorrow, etc.; 7, 16, 114, 277, 588, 900, 1220, 1584, 1692, 1774, 1778, 1992, 2335, 2739; (adv.) to such a degree, so; 773, 968, 1366, [1508], 1509, tó þæs 1616; (b2) relat.; (semi-adv., as:) 272, 383; 1398 (including relat. & antecedent); (b3) þæs þe (ðe); (semi-conj.) because, as; 108, 228, 627, 1628, 1751, 1779 (w/ antec. þæs, (b1)), 1998, 2797; according to what, as (conj.): 1341, 1350, 3000; tó þæs þe (relat. & antec.), see tó. --dsm. þaém 23 times, ðaém 5 times, þám 19 times, ðám 20 times (þaém, ðaém in the A part of the MS only; þám, ðám in the B part, besides þám 424, 713, 824, 919, 1016, 1073, 1421); (a) 52 times, 52(dsn.?), 143, 197, 270, etc.; in (& similarly) sele þám héan: 713, 919, 1016, 1984; (b1)12, 59, 1363, 2612; (b2) 310(dsn.?), 374, (relat. & antec.:) 2199, 2779; (b3) þaém (þám) ðe (relat. & antec.), 183, 186, 1839, 2601, 2861, 3055, 3059. --dsf. þaére; (a) 10 times, 109(g.?), 125, 618, etc.; [ðaére, F. 31]; (b3) þára þe, 1625. --dsn.; (a) þaém 1215, 1484, 1635, þám 1421, ðám 639, 2232; (b1) ðaém 1688; þám 137, ðám 2769; see also for-ðám. --asm. þone (incl. ðone 12 times) 65 times; (a) 52 times, 107, 168, 202, etc.; úhthlem þone 2007, similarly 2334, 2588, 2959, 3081; beorh þone héän 3097; (b1) 1354, 3009 (þone [allit.]...þé); (b2) 12, 2048, 2751; (b3) þone þe, 1054, 1298, 2056, 2173, 3034; after a noun in the acc., (him) who: 2295, 3003, 3116. --asf. þá 14 times, ðá 4 times; [F. 23]; all (a) 189, 354, 470, etc., exc. 2022: (b2). --asn. þæt (usually spelt þ) 59 times; (a) 17 times, 628, 654, etc.; (b1) 36 times, 194, 290, etc.; (b2) 6 times, 766, 1456, 1466, etc. --ism. þý, (a) 2573, isn. þý, ðý, 19 times; þé (ðé): 821, 1436a, 2638, 2687; (a): 110, 1664, 1797, 2028; (b1) for that reason, therefore: 1273, 2067, 2638; before comp.: the, any: 487, 821, 1436a, 1902, 2749, 2880; ne...ðý sél: 2277, 2687; nó þý leng, 974; nó þý aér, see aér; (b2) þý laés, lest, 1918. þon, (b1); þon (má), any, 504; 2423; after prep.: æfter þon 724, be þon 1722, tó ðon 2591, 2845; þo þon 1876 (to that degree, so); see also for-ðan, for-ðon; aér þon (b2), conj., before, 731. --npm. þá 15 times, ðá 9 times, [F. 47]; (a) 12 times, 3, 99, 221, etc.; (b1) þá(...þé) 44 (allit.); (b2) 6 times, 41, 113, etc.; (b3) þá þe 5 times, 378, 1135, etc. --gpm.f.n. þára 20 times, ðára 937, 1578, 1686, 2734, 2779, 2794, þaéra 992, 1266, ðaéra 1349, [F. 48]; (a) 6 times; ymbesittendra aénig ðára 2734; (b1) 1015, 1037, 1248, 1266, 1349; þaéra(...þé) 992; (b3) þára (etc.) ðe: 206, 878, 1123, 1196, 1578; when containing the subj., (of those) who (which), foll. by the sing.: 843, 996, 1051, 1407, 1461, 1686, 2130, 2251, 2383, or by the plur. of the verb: 98, 785, 937. --dpm.f.n. þaém, ðaém 6 times (in A); þám, ðám 7 times (in B, and 1855); all (a) 370, 1191, etc. --apm.f.n. þá 9 times, ðá 12 times, [F. 42]; all (a) exc. 488, 2148, 3014: (b1). --note: the line of division between the dem. (b1) and relat. (b2) functions is occasionally doubtful. The dem. adj. alliterates: 197a, 770a, 806a; 736a; 1675b, 1797b, 2033b. [Go. sa] --see also relat. part. þé/þe.

sealma (selma) (**)(+), wk.m., bedstead, bed, couch; as. sealman, 2460. [OS. selmo]

sealo-brún**, adj., (sallow- or) dark-brown; [F. 35].

sealt, adj., salt; asn., 1989. [Go. salt]

searo, n. -wa., (pl. freq. w/ sg. meaning), contrivance, skill, cleverness, art, cunning; dp. searwum, 1038, 2764; --war-gear, equipment, armour; np. searo, 329; dp. searwum, 249, 323, 1557, 1813, 2530, 2568, 2700; --battle (cp. searo-grim); dp. ~, 419, 1557(?). [Go. sarwa, pl., OHG. saro; Ice. sörvi 'necklace', 'armour'] --Cpds.: fyrd-, gúð-, inwit-.

searo-bend**, f. -jó. (m. -i.), cunningly wrought band/clasp; dp. -um, 2086.

searo-fáh**, adj., cleverly decorated; nsf., 1444.

searo-gim(m), m., cleverly-cut gem; gp. -gimma, 1157; ap. -gimmas, 2749. see gim(m).

searo-grim(m)**, adj., fierce in battle; -grim, 594.

searo-hæbbend(e)*, m. -c. (pres. ptc.)[pl.], (armour-having), armoured warrior; gp. -hæbbendra, 237.

searo-net(t)*, n. -ja., armour-net/battle-net, mail-coat; -net, 406.

searo-níð**, m., cunning enmity, treacherous quarrel; ap. -as, 1200, 2738; --(treacherous) battle, contest; gp. -a, 582; ap. -as, 3067.

searo-þonc(*), m., ingenuity, skill, art; dp. -um, 775.

searo-geþræc**, n., pile of well-wrought things, precious heap; 3102.

searo-wundor**, n., curious wonder, wonderful artefact/device; as., 920.

seax, n., sax (knife), dagger, knife, short sword; as., [1545]. [OS. sahs < Gmc. *sahsam 'knife' < IE. *sok-so- < IE. *sek- 'to cut' (Watkins 74:sek-/Pokorny 2. sek- 896, sken-(d-) 930); cf. OE. síðe, sigðe 'sickle' (> MnE. scythe) < Gmc. *segithó 'sickle', OE. sagu, sage 'saw' (> MnE. saw) < Gmc. *sagó 'a cutting tool', OE. secg (see below) < Gmc. *sagjaz 'sword'; cf. ON. skinn 'skin' (> MnE. (to) skin) < Gmc. skinth- 'to peel off, flay'; cf. L. secáre 'to cut (> MnE. sector, section, segment; dissect; insect), L. sécula 'sickle' (> MnE. sickle), Russ. sech` 'to cut'; MnE sax, dial. zax 'a tool for cutting (roof) slates'] --Cpd.: wæl-.

sécan, w1., seek; try to find, try to get; abs.: pret. 3 sg. sóhte, [2231], 2293 (search), 2572 (desire, demand); w/ obj.: inf. (faéhðe) sécan, 2513; ger. (similarly,) séceanne, 2562; (cp.) imp. séc, 1379; pret. 1 sg. sóhte, 2738; 3 sg. ~, [139], 2300, 3067; w/ obj. and tó (from, at): inf. sécean, 1989, 2495, [F. 27]; pres. 3 pl. séceað, 3001; --try to reach (by attack): inf. (sáwle) sécan 801, (similarly,) sécean 2422 ('animam quaerere'); --go to, visit; inf. sécean, 187, 200, 268, 645, 821, 1597, 1602, 1869, 2820, 2950, 3102; sécan, 664, 756, 1450, 1820; pres. 3 sg. séceð, 2272; opt. 3 sg. séce, 1369; pret. 2 sg. sóhtest, 458; 3 sg. sóhte, 208, 376; 2 pl. sóhton, 339; 3 pl. sóhtan, 2380; opt. 1 sg. sóhte, 417. [Go. sókjan] --Cpds.: ofer-, on-.

ge-sécan, w1., seek; gesécean (wíg), 684; go to, visit: ~, 692, 2275; ger. gesécanne, 1922; pret. 3 sg. gesóhte, 463, 520, 717, 1951; pp. npf. gesóhte, 1839; --go to, attack; pres. 3 sg. geséceð, 2515; pret. 3 pl. gesóhtan 2204, gesóhton 2926; opt. 3 sg. gesóhte, 2346.

secce, see sæc(c).

secg*, m. -ja., man; 208, 249, 402, 871, 980, 1311, 1569, 1812, 2226, 2352, 2406, 2700, 2708, [2863], 3028, 3071; voc., 947, 1759; ds. secge, 2019; as. secg, 1379; np. secgas, 213, 2530, 3128; gp. secga, 633, 842, 996, 1672, dp. secgum, [149], 490. [ON. seggr; cp. Lat. socius 'companion']

secg*, f. -jó., (short, thrusting) sword, ("sedge"); as. -e, 684. [< Gmc. *sagjaz 'sword'; see MnE. sedge, sb.1; cp. saw, OE. seax; Lat. secare]

Secgan, wk.m.p., a Germanic (coastal) tribe; gp. Secgena, [F. 24]. [secg 'sword'; cf. seax, Seaxe]

secgan, w3., say, tell; abs.: 273; pret. 3 sg. sægde, 90, 2899; w/ acc.: inf. secgan, 582, 875, 880, 1049; pres. 1 sg. secge, 1997, 2795; pret. 2 sg. sægdest, 532; 3 sg. sægde, 1809, 2632; cp. pp. gesægd, 141; w/ gen.: pres. ptc. secggende (wæs), 3028; --followd by indirect question (hú, hwá, hwæt): inf. secgan, 51, 3026; ger. secganne, 473, 1724; pp. gesaéd, 1696; folled by þæt-clause: inf. secgan, 390, 1818; pres. 1 sg. secge, 590; 3 pl. secgað, 411; pret. 3 sg. sægde, 1175, saéde, [F. 44]; --w/ pron. þæt and þæt-clause: inf. secgan, 942, 1346, 1700, 2864; pret. 3 pl. sægdon, 377, [2187]; w/ obj. óðer and þæt-clause: saédan, 1945. [OHG. sagén] --Cpd.: á-.

ge-secgan, w3., say, tell; imp. sg. gesaga, 388; pret. opt. 1 sg. gesægde, 2157.

sefa, wk.m., mind, heart, spirit; 490, 594, 2600; him wæs geómor sefa, 49, 2419, similarly, 2632; similarly, 2043, 2180; ds. sefan, 473, 1342, [1737]; as. ~, 278, 1726, 1842. [Go. sifan 'rejoice', OS. sebo] --Cpd.: mód-.

séft, see sófte.

ge-ségan(-on), see ge-séon.

segen, see segn.

segl, m.n., sail; 1906.

segl-rád**, f., sail-road, i.e., sea, lake; ds. -e, 1429.

segn, m.n., banner, standard; ds. segne, 1204; as. segn, 2776, (neut.:) 2767; (masc.:) segen, 47, 1021; np. (neut.) segn, 2958. [fr. Lat. signum; sign fr. OFr. signe] --Cpd.: héafod-.

sel, see sæl.

sél (noun), see saél.

sél, adv. comp., better; 1012, 2530, [F. 38, 39]; ne byð him wihte ðý sél, 2277, similarly, 2687. see gód.

ge-selda*, wk.m., (one of the same dwelling), companion, comrade; as. geseldan, 1984. [see sæld]

seldan, adv., seldom; 2029.

seld-guma**, wk.m., hall-man, retainer; 249. [see sæld]

sele(*), m. -i., hall; 81, 411; ds., 323, 713, 919, 1016, 1640, 1984, 3128; as., 826, 2352. [cf. Go. saliþwós 'harbourage', 'shelter'; cp. sæl] --Cpds.: béah-, béor-, dryht-, eorð-, gest-, gold-, gúð-, héah-, hring-, hróf-, níð-, wín-.

sele-dréam*, m., joy of the hall; as., 2252.

sele-ful(l)**, n., (filled) hall-cup; as. -ful, 619.

sele-gyst**, m. -i., visitor (guest) to a hall; as., 1545.

sele-raédend(e)*, m. -c. (pres. ptc.)[pl.], hall-counselor, -ruler; np. -raédenne, 51; ap. -e, 1346.

sele-rest**, f. -jó.(?), bed (rest) in a hall; as. -e, 690. see ræst.

sélest, see gód.

sele-þegn**, m., hall-thane, chamberlain; 1794.

sele-weard**, m., hall-warden, -guardian; as., 667.

self, pron., self; (1) strong infl.; used abs.: sylf, 1964; gsm. (transl. 'his own') selfes, 700, 895; sylfes, 2222, 2360, 2639, 2710, 2776, 3013; in connexion w/ a poss. pron.: on [mín]ne sylfes dóm, 2147; as. sylfne, 1977; npm. selfe, 419; --w/ a noun or pers. pron.; self, 594, 920, 1010, 1313; sylf 2702, [F. 17, 27]; gsm. selfes, 1147; sylfes, 2013, 2325; gsf. selfre, 1115; asm. selfne, 961, 1605; sylfne, 2875; gpm. sylfra, 2040; apm. sylfe, 1996; along w/ the dat. of pers. pron.: (þú) þé self, 953. (2) weak infl.; nsm. selfa, 29, 1468, 1733, 1839 (him ~), 1924; sylfa, 505, 3054; seolfa, 3067. [Go. silba] (cf. J.M. Farr, 'Intensives and Reflexives in the Anglo-Saxon and early Middle English', Johns Hopkins diss., 1902 / Baltimore: J.H. Furst, 1902.)

sélla, see gód.

sellan, w1., give; syllan, 2160, 2729; pres. 3 sg. seleð, 1370 (give up), 1730, 1749; pret. 2 sg. sealdest, 1482; 3 sg. sealde, 72, 672, 1271, 1693, 1751, [2019], 2155, 2182, 2490, 2994, 3055, (proffer, pass:) 622, 2024; 3 pl. sealdon, 1161 (serve). [sell; Go. saljan 'sacrifice']

ge-sellan, w1., give, make a present of; 1029; pret. 3 sg. gesealde, 1052, 1866, 1901, 2142, 2172, 2195, 2810, 2867, (proffer, pass:) 615.

sel-líc, syl-líc, adj., strange, wonderful; nsf. syllíc, 2086; asn. ~, 2109; apm. sellice, 1426. comp. asf. syllícran, 3038. [cp. seldan]

sélra, see gód.

semninga, adv., straightaway, at once; 1767; oþ þæt ~: 644, 1640. [cp. æt-, tó-somne]

sendan, w1., send; pret. 1 sg. sende, 471; 3 sg. ~, 13, 1842; send (to sleep), kill; pres. 3 sg. sendeþ, 600. [Go. sandjan] --Cpds.: for-, on-.

séo, see sé.

séoc, adj. sick, ill, weakened; 2254, 2740, 2904; módes séoce ('sick at heart', 'sad'), 1603. [Go. siuks, Ger. siech] --Cpds.: ellen-, feorh-, heaðo-.

seofon, num., seven; uninfl.: a., 517, seofan, 2195; syfone, 3122. [Go. sibun]

seolfa, see self.

seomian*, w2., rest, lie, remain, hover, hang; siomian, 2767; pret. 3 sg. seomade, 161, seomode, 302.

séon, V, look; pret. 3 sg. seah (on w/ acc.), 2717, 2863; 3 pl. (on) sáwon, 1650; (tó) saégon, 1422; --see; séon 387, 920, 1365, 3102, séön 1180, 1275; pret. 1 sg. seah, 336, 2014. (< OE. *seohan) [Go. saíhwan, Ger. sehen, OHG. sehan, ON. sjá; Hit. sak(u)wa 'eyes' -- all forms from a special semantic development of IE. root *sekw- 'follow' (see Polomé 1972: (292))] --Cpds.: geond-, ofer-.

ge-séon, V, see, behold, perceive; 396, 571, 648, 961, 1078, 1126 (go to), 1485, 1628, 1875 (see each other), 1998; pres. 3 sg. gesyhð, 2041, 2455; pret. 1 sg. geseah, 247, 1662; 3 sg. ~, 229, 728, 926, 1516, 1557, 1585, 1613, 2542, 2604, 2756, 2767, 2822; 3 pl. gesáwon, 221, 1023, 1347, 1425, 1591, 2252; geségan 3038, geségon 3128; opt. 3 pl. gesáwon, 1605.

seonu, f. -wó, sinew; np. seonowe, 817. [< Gmc. *sinwó < IE. *sh2eh1i- 'to bind, tie' (Watkins 73: sai-1/Pokorny 3. sé(i)- 892); cf. L. saeculum 'lifetime, century, age' (> MnE. secular), W. hoedl 'lifespan'; cf. Hit. içhai-, içhiya- 'to bind' > Hit. içhiul 'contract' > Assyr. loan-word in 19th-c. B.C.E. -- first attested IE. word (see further Watkins 73)]

séoðan, II, w/ acc., seethe, boil, cause to well up, brood over; pret. 1 sg. (-ceare) séað, 1993; 3 sg. (~) ~, 190.

seoððan, see siððan.

séow(i)an, w1.2., sew, put together, link; pp. seowed, 406 (ref. to the 'battle-net', cp. hrægl, etc.). [Go. siujan < Gmc. *siwjan < IE. *syuh- 'to bind, sew' (Watkins 89:syú-/Pokorny siú- 916); cf. OE. séam 'seam' < Gmc. *saumaz, L. sútus 'sewn, sewed' (> MnE. suture), Skt. sútram 'thread, string > verse'; cf. Siev. §409 n.15]

ses(s)(**)(+), m.(n.?), seat; ds. sesse, 2717, 2756. [cp. ON. sess; OE. sittan]

sétan, see sittan.

setl, n., seat; gs. -es, 1786; ds. -e, 1232, 1782, 2019; as. setl, 2013; dp. -um, 1289. [settle; Siev. §196.2 & n.1; Go. sitls] --Cpds.: héah-, hilde-, meodo-.

settan, w1., set; pret. 3 pl. setton, 325, 1242; pp. nsn. geseted (set down), 1696. [Go. satjan] --Cpds.: á-, be-.

ge-settan, w1., set, establish; pret. 3 sg. gesette, 94; settle; pres. opt. 3 sg. ~, 2029.

sex-ben(n)**, f. -jó., dagger-(seax-)wound; dp. siexbennum, 2904. [see seax]

sib(b), f. -jó., kinship, friendship, peace; sib, 1164, 1857; gs. sibbe, 2922; as. sibbe, 154, 949, 2431; sibb', 2600 ('ties of kinship'). [Go. sibja; cp. MnE. sibling, gossip] --Cpds.: dryht-, friðu-.

sib-æðeling**, m., related noble; np. -as, 2708.

sibbe-gedriht*, f. -i., band of kinsmen; as., 387, 729. (genitival cpd.; earlier form: sibgedriht, 'Exodus' l.214, etc.)

síd, adj., large, spacious, broad, great; nsf., 1444, 2086; nsn.wk. -e, 2199; dsm.wk. -an, 2347; asm. -ne, 437, 507, 1726; asf. -e, 1291, 2394; asn.wk. síde, 1733, 1981; gpf. -ra, 149; apm. -e, 223, 325.

síde, adv., widely; 1223.

síd-fæþme**, adj. -ja., roomy; asn. 1917. [fæþm] síd-fæþmed**, adj. (pp.), roomy; nsn., 302. [fæþm]

síd-rand**, m., broad shield; 1289.

síe, see eom.

síe, 2219, see sé.

siex-bennum, see sex-ben(n).

sig, see eom.

sígan, I, sink, fall; pret. 3 pl. sigon, 1251; move (together), march, ~, 307.

ge-sígan, I, sink, fall; 2659.

sige-beorn**, m., victorious warrior; gp. -a, [F. 38].

sige-drihten*, m., victorious lord; 390. [Go. sigis-]

sige-éadig**, adj., victory-blest, victorious; asn., 1557.

Sige-ferð, m., one of Hnæf's warriors (of the tribe of the Secgean); [F. 15, 24]. [sige 'victory'; ferð 'mind', 'spirit' or ferð=frið(u) 'protection', 'peace']

sige-folc*, n., victorious/gallant people; gp. -a, 644. see folc.

sige-hréð**, (n., see hréð), glory of victory; as., 490.

sige-hréþig*, adj., victorious, triumphant; 94, 1597, 2757.

sige-hwíl**, f., time of victory, victory; gp. -e, 2710.

sigel*, n.(?), luminary, sun; 1966. [Go. sugil] (cp. 'Runic Poem' l.45ff.)

sige-léas, adj., without victory, of defeat; asm. -ne, 787.

Sige-mund, m., son of Wæls, uncle (and father) of Fitela; ds. -e, 884, 875. [sige 'victory'; mund 'hand', 'protection'] see n.875.

sige-róf(*), adj., victorious, illustrious; 619.

Sige-Scyldingas, see Scyldingas.

sige-þéod*, f., victorious/glorious people; ds. -e, 2204.

sige-waépen**, n., victory-weapon; dp. -waépnum, 804.

sigle(**)+, n., jewel, brooch, necklace; as., 1200; gp. sigla, 1157; ap. siglu, 3163. [ON. sigli; fr. sigel 'brooch', 'clasp' (orig. 'sun'?, or fr. Lat. sigillum)] --Cpd.: máððum-.

sigor, (n. -c.) m., victory; gs. -es, 1021; gp. -a, 2875, 3055. [cp. OE. sige(-) Go. sigis, Ger. Sieg, OHG. sigu, sigo < Gmc. *sigiz- 'victory' < IE. *segh-es- < IE. *seg`h- 'to hold' (Watkins 74:segh-/Pokorny seg`h- 889); cf. Gr. 'Εκτωρ (personal name: Hector) < IE. *segh-tor 'holder, guarder, defender', Gr. εποχη 'a holding back' (> MnE. epoch), Gr. σχημα 'a holding' (> MnE. scheme), Gr. σχολη 'a holding back > stop, rest, leisure > employment of leisure in disputation, school' (> MnE. scholar, school); Siev. §289 & n.2] --Cpds.: hréð, wíg-.

sigor-éadig**, adj., victorious; 1311, 2352.

sín(*), poss. pron. (refl.), his, her, its, theirs; dsm. sínum, 2160 (his); dsn. ~, 1236 (his), 1507 (her); asm. sínne, 1960 (his), 1984 (his), 2283 (his), 2789 (his). [Go. seins, Ger. sein]

sinc*, n., treasure, jewels, something precious, ornament; 2764; gs. sinces (brytta): 607, 1170, 1922, 2071; ds. since, 1038, 1450, 1615, 1882, 2217, 2746; as. sinc, 81, 1204, 1485, 2023, 2383, 2431; gp. sinca, 2428.

sinc-fæt*, n., precious cup, coastly object; as., 1200, 2231, 2300; ap. -fato, 622. [vat]

sinc-fág*, adj., richly decorated; asn.wk. -e, 167. (cp. gold-fág)

sinc-gestréon*, n., treasure; gp. -a, 1226; dp. -um, 1092.

sinc-gifa*, wk.m., treasure-giver; ds. -gifan, 2311, -gyfan 1342; as. ~, 1012.

sinc-máðþum**, m., treasure, jewel; 2193.

sinc-þego*, f., receiving of treasure; 2884. [þicgan]

sin-fréa**, wk.m., great lord; -fréä, 1934. [sin- 'continual', 'great', see the following sin-cpds. and syn-dolh, -snaéd; cp. sym(b)le; Go. sinteins; sen-(green) (dial.)]

sin-gál, adj., continual; asf. -e, 154.

sin-gála, sin-gáles,(*), adv., continually, always; -gála, 190; -gáles, 1777; syngáles, 1135.

singan, III, sing, ring (forth); [pres. 3 pl. singað, F. 5]; pret. 3 sg. sang, 496, [3152]; song, 323, 1423. [Go. siggwan, OHG. singan < Gmc. *singan < IE. songwh-o- 'singing, song' < sengwh- 'to sing, make an incantation' (Watkins 75:sengwh-/Pokorny senguh- 907)] --Cpd.: á-.

sin-here, -hearg, -hearh,**, m. -ja., (huge) sacred grove (?-see n.2936 & Tripp 277-8); or huge army(?); ds. -herge, 2936.

sin-niht*, f. -c., perpetual night/darkness; ds. -e, 161.

sint, see eom.

sío, see sé.

sioloð**, m.(?), water, sea (?); gp. sioleða, 2367. (see begong)

siomian, see seomian.

sittan, V, sit; pres. 3 sg. siteð, 2906; pret. 3 sg. sæt, 130, 286, 356, 500, 1166, 1190, 2852, 2894; 3 pl. saéton, 1164; --sit down; inf. sittan, 493, 641; imp. sg. site, 489. [Go. sitan] --Cpds.: be-, for-, of-, ofer-, on-, ymb-; flet-, heal-, ymb(e)-sittend(e).

ge-sittan, V, sit down (ingress.); pret. 3 sg. gesæt, 171, 749 (sit up), 1424, 1977, 2417, 2717; pp. geseten, 2104; --w/ acc., sit down in: pret. 1 sg. gesæt, 633.

síð, m., (1) going, journey, voyage; undertaking, venture, adventure; 501, 765, 1971 (coming), 2586, 3089; gs. síðes, 579, 1475, 1794, 1908; ds. síðe, 532, 1951, 1993; as. síð, 353, 512, 872, 908, 1278, 1429, 1966; np. síðas, 1986; gp. síða, 318; ap. síðas, 877; course (of action), way (of doing); ns. síð, 2532, 2541, 3058. (2) time, occasion; ns. (forma) síð, 716, 1463, 1527, 2626; ds. (forman, nýhstan, etc.) síðe, 740, 1203, 2049, 2286, 2511, 2517, 2670, 2688, [3101], [F. 19]; as. síð, 1579. [Go. sinþs; cp. OE. sendan] --Cpds.: cear-, eft-, ellor-, gryre-, saé-, wil-, wræc-; ge-.

síð, adv. comp., later; 2500 (see aér). [Go. (þana-)seiþs; Ger. seit; MnE. since < ME. sithence < OE. siþþan]

ge-selda*, wk.m., (one of the same dwelling), companion, comrade; as. geseldan, 1984. [see sæld]

ge-síð, m., companion, comrade, follower, retainer; gs. -es, 1297; np. swaése gesíðas, 29, so ap.: 2040, 2518; gp. swaésra gesíða, 1934; dp. gesíðum, 1313, 1924, 2632. [síð 'journey'] --Cpds.: eald-, wil-.

síðast, síðest, adj. supl., latest, last; ns. síðas (assimilation of síðast), 2710; dsn.wk. (æt) síðestan, 3013. [Go. seiþus; cp. OE. síð, adv.]

síð-fæt, m., adventure, expedition; ds. -fate, 2639; as. -fæt, 202. [cp. ON. feta, vb., 'step']

síð-from*, adj., eager to depart; npm. -e, 1813.

síðian, w2., go, journey; 720, 808; pret. 3 sg. síðode, 2119. [síð] --Cpd.: for-.

siððan,
  I. adv., since, thereupon, afterwards; siððan (þð), 470, 685, 718 (see aér); syððan (ðþ, þð), 142, 283, 567, 1106, 1453, 1901, 1951, [2064], 2071, 2175, 2207, 2217, 2395, 2702, 2806, 2920; seoððan, 1875, seoþðan, 1937.
  II. conj., since, from the time when, when, after, as soon as (sometimes shading into because); siððan (þð, ðþ, þþ), 106, 413, 604, 648, 656, 850, 901, 982, 1148, 1204, 1253, 1261, 1281, 1784; syððan (þð, ðþ), 6 (~ aérest), 115, 132, 722, 834, 886, 1077, 1198, 1206, 1235, 1308, 1420, 1472, 1556, 1589, 1689, 1947 (~ aérest), 1949, 1978, 2012, 2051, 2072, 2092, 2103, 2124, 2201, 2351, 2356, 2388, 2437, 2474, 2501, 2630, 2888, 2911, 2914, 2943, 2960, 2970, [2996], 3002, 3127; seoþðan, 1775. see also sóna. [sið-þon; sith, sin(e), syne (dial.)]

sixtig, num., sixty; as., [f. 38].

slaép, m., sleep 1742; ds. -e, 1251. [Go. sléps]

slaépan, redup., (w1.), sleep; pres. ptc. slaépende, 2218; asm. slaépendne, 741; apm. slaépende, 1581. [Go. slépan]

sléac, adj., slow, slothful; 2187. [not related to slæc>MnE. slack]

sléan, VI, (1) strike; abs.: pres. opt. 3 sg. sléä, 681; pret. 3 sg. slóh, 1565, 2678; --w/ obj. (acc.): ~, 2576, 2699, (2179? slóg). (2) slay; pret. 1 sg. slóg, 421; 3 sg. ~, 108, 2179; slóh, 1581, 2355; 3 pl. slógon, 2050; pp. slægen, 1152. [Go. slahan < Gmc. *slahan < IE. *slak- 'to strike' (Watkins 79:slak-/Pokorny slak- 960); cf. ON. slátr 'butchery', OHG., MDu. slag 'a blow'] --Cpd.: of-.

ge-sléan, VI, achieve (or bring about) by fighting; pret. 3 sg. geslóh, 459; 3 pl. geslógon, 2996.

slítan, I, tear, rend, (slit); pret. 3 sg. slát, 741.

slíðe(*), adj. -ja., severe, dangerous, terrible; asm. slíðne, 184; gpn. slíðra, 2398. [Go. sleiþs]

slíðen, adj., cruel, dire; nsn., 1147.

ge-slyht(**), n. -i., battle, conflict; gp. -a, 2398. [sléan; cp. Ger. Schlact. see ond-slyht; also, wæl-sliht in 'Finnsburh Frag.']

smið, m., smith, worker of metals; 1452; gs. smiþes, 406. [Go. -smiþa] --Cpd.: wundor-.

snadan**, VI, cut off, prevent?; pret. 3 sg. snod, 1944.

snel(l), adj., quick, bold, brave; nsm.wk. snella, 2971. [snell (dial.: Sc., North.); Ger. schnell]

snel-líc(*), adj., quick, brave; 690.

snot(t)or, adj., wise, prudent, clever; snotor, 190, 826, 908, 1384 (voc.); wk. snotera, 1313; snotra, 2156, 3120; snottra, 1475 (voc.), 1786; npm. snotere, 202, 416, snottre 1591. [Go. snutrs] --Cpd.: fore-.

snotor-líce(**)+, adv., wisely, prudently; comp. -lícor, 1842.

snúde, adv., quickly, straightaway; 904, 1869, 1971, 2325, 2568, 2752. [cp. Go. sniwan 'hasten']

snyrian*, w1., hasten; pret. 3 pl. snyredon, 402. [cp. ON. snarr 'quick']

snyttru, wk.f., wisdom, discernment, skill; as., 1726; dp. snyttrum, 872 (semi-adv.), 942, 1706. [snot(t)or] --Cpd.: un-.

sócn, f., (seeking), (**)persecution, visitation; gs. sócne, 1777. [sécan; Go. sókns]

sófte, adv., softly, gently, pleasantly; comp. séft, 2749. [Go. sanft] --Cpd.: un-.

sol, n., mud, wet sand; ds. -e, 302.

somod, see samod.

sóna, adv., immediately, at once, (soon); 121, 721, 743, 750, 1280, 1497, 1591, 1618, 1762, 1785, 1794, 1825, 2011, 2226, 2300, 2713, 2928, [F. 46]. (sóna...siððan: 721, 1280, 2011; cp. sóna...swá (in prose), 'as soon as') [Go. suns, OS. sáno]

sorg(-), see sorh(-).

sorgian, w2., sorrow, grieve, care; 451; imp. sg. sorga, 1384.

sorh, f., sorrow, grief, trouble; 473, 1322; ds. sorhge, 2468; as. sorge, 119, 1149, 2463; gp. sorga, 149, sorge 2004; dp. sorgum, 2600. [Go. saúrga] --Cpds.: hyge-, inwit-, þegn-.

sorh-cearig*, adj., sorrowful, sad; 2455; nsf. sorg-, 3152.

sorh-ful(l), adj., sorrowful; nsf. sorhfull, 2119; --grievous, perilous, sad; asm. -fullne (síð) 512, -fulne (~): 1278, 1429.

sorh-léas, adj., free from care, sorrowless; 1672.

sorh-léoð*, n., song of sorrow, dirge; as., 2460.

sorh-wylm*, m. -i., surging (welling) sorrow/care; np. -as, 904; dp. -um, 1993.

sóð, adj., true; 1611; asn., 2109. [sooth (arch.); Go. sunjis, ON. sannr; cp. Lat. (prae-)sens]

sóð, n., truth; 700; as., 532, 1049, 1700, 2864; (secgan & similarly) tó sóðe, in sooth, as a fact: 51, 590, 2325.

sóð-cyning*, m., king of truth, god; 3055.

sóðe(*), adv., truly, faithfully; 524, 871.

sóð-fæst, adj., true, righteous (cp. Lat. 'iustus'); gp. -ra, 2820.

sóð-líce, adv., truly, verily, faithfully; (secgan & similarly): 141, 273, 2899.

specan, see sprecan.

spéd, f. -i., success; as. on spéd, successfully, with skill, 873. [speed; OE. spówan] --Cpds.: here-, wíg-.

spel(l), n., tale, story, message; as. spel, 873, spell 2109; gp. spella, 2898, 3029. [MnE. spell; Go. spill] --Cpd.: wéa-.

spíwan, I, spew, vomit; (w/ dat.), 2312. [Go. speiwan]

spówan, redup., impers. w/ dat., succeed, speed; pret. 3 sg. spéow, [2854], 3026. [see spéd] --Cpd.: for-.

spraéc, f., speech, language; ds. -e, 1104. --Cpds.: aéfen-, gylp-.

sprecan, V, speak; abs.: 2069, 3172; imp. sg. spræc, 1171; pret. 3 sg. spræc, 1168, 1215, 1698, 2510, 2618, 2724; 1 pl. spraécon, 1707; 3 pl. ~, 1595; --w/ object (acc.): inf. specan, 2864; pret. 2 sg. spraéce, 531; 3 sg. spræc, 341; 1 pl. spraécon, 1476; pp. sprecen, 643. [OHG. sprehhan, spehhan; Ger. sprechen]

ge-sprecan, V, speak; w/ obj.: pret. 3 sg. gespræc, 675, 1398, 1466, 3094.

springan, III, spring, bound, burst forth, spread; pret. 3 sg. sprang, 18; sprong, 1588, 2966; 3 pl. sprungon, 2582. --Cpds.: æt-, on-.

ge-springan, III, spring forth, arise; pret. 3 sg. gesprang, 1667; gesprong, 884.

stán, m., stone, rock; ds. stáne, 2288, 2557; as. (hárne) stán: 887, 1415, 2553, 2744. [Go. stains] --Cpd.: eorclan-.

stán-beorh(**)+, m., stone-barrow; as., 2213.

stán-boga**, wk.m., (stone-bow), stone arch; ap. -bogan, 2545, 2718.

stán-clif, n., rocky cliff; ap. -cleofu, 2540.

standan, VI, stand, continue in a certain state; 2271; stondan, 2760; pres. 3 sg. standeð, [1362]; 2 pl. standað, 2866; opt. 3 sg. stande, 411; pret. 3 sg. stód, 32, 145, 926, 935, 1037, 1416, 1434, 1913, 2679; 3 pl. stódon, 328, stódan, 2545, 3047; --w/ subjects like léoht, egesa, (usually expressing direction, 'ingressive':) start, issue, arise, shine forth; pret. 3 sg. stód: 726, 783, 1570, 2227, 2313, 2769, [F. 35]. (similarly in ON., OS.) [Go. standan] --Cpds.: á-, æt-, for-.

ge-standan, VI, stand, take up one's stand; pret. 3 sg. gestód, 358, 404, 2566; 3 pl. gestódon, 2597.

stán-fáh*, adj., adorned with stones, paved; nsf., 320.

stán-hlið*, n., rocky hill with a hollow (Gelling 8-9); ap. -o, 1409.

stapol, m., post, pillar; dp. stpulum, 2718; --flight of steps; ds. stapole, 926. [steppan; MnE. staple; cp. stoop (='porch')]

starian, w2., gaze, look, (stare); usually w/ on and acc.; pres. 1 sg. starige, 1781, starie 2796; 3 sg. starað, 996, 1485; pret. 3 sg. starede, 1935; 3 pl. staredon, 1603.

staél, m.(?), place, position; ds. -e, 1479. [staþol; MnE. stalwart]

staélan, w1., (lay to one's charge), avenge; 2485; pp. gestaéled, 1340.

stéap, adj., steap, high, towering; asm. stéapne, 926, 2566; apm. stéape, 222; apn. stéap, 1409. --Cpd.: heaþo-.

stearc, adj., stark, stiff, strong, hard; m.as. stear[c]ne, [2213] (usu. em. stea[p]ne).

stearc-heort**, adj., stout-hearted; 2288, 2552. [stark]

stede, m., stead, place; gp., 985.

stefn, m., stem, prow; as., 212. Cp. bunden-, hringed-, wunden-stefna.

stefn, m., period, time; ds. ní(o)wan stefne (anew, again), 1789, 2594.

stefn, f., voice; 2552. [Go. stibna, Ger. Stimme]

stépan*, w1., raise, exalt; pret. opt. 3 sg. stépte, 1717. [stéap]

ge-stépan*, w1., advance, support; pret. 3 sg. gestépte, 2393.

steppan, VI, step, stride, march; pret. 3 sg. stóp, 761, 1401. --Cpd.: æt-.

ge-steppan, VI, step, walk; pret. 3 sg. gestóp, 2289.

stíg, f., path; 320, 2213; ap.(s.?) -e, 1409. [Go. staiga; cp. stígan] --Cpd.: medo-.

stígan, I, go, step, go up, mount; pret. 3 sg. stág, [2362]; 3 pl. stigon, 212, 225; opt. 3 sg. stige, 676. [sty (obs.); cp. OE. stile; Go. steigan, Ger. steigen] --Cpd.: á-.

ge-stígan, I, go (up), set out; pret. 1 sg. gestáh, 632.

stille, adj. -ja., still, fixed; 301, 2830.

stincan*, III, to smell (something) (see Schabram, and n.2288, for evidence of this meaning); emit vapour/smoke/odour(?), (stink); pret. 3 sg. stonc, 2288. [Go. stigqan]

stíð, adj., firm, strong, hard; nsn., 1533.

stíð-mód, adj., stout-hearted, firm; 2566.

stondan, see standan.

stóp, see steppan.

storm, m., storm; 3117; ds. -e, 1131.

stów, f., place; 1372; as. -e, 1006, 1378. [Go. staua; cp. MnE. stow, vb.; (-)stow(e) in place-names] --Cpd.: wæl-.

straél, m.(f.), arrow; ds. -e, 1746; gp. -a, 3117. [Ger. Strahl] --Cpd.: here-.

straét, f., street; 320; as. -e, 916, 1634. [fr. Lat. strata (sc. via)] --Cpds.: lagu-, mere-.

strang, adj., strong; (mægenes) strang, 1844; nsf. strong, 2684; nsn. strang (severe), 133. --supl. strengest: 196 (mægenes ~), 789 (mægene ~), 1543.

stréam, m., stream, current (pl.: *sea, body of water); as., 2545; np. stréamas, 212; ap. ~, 1261. --Cpds.: brim-, éagor-, ég-, fyrgen-, lagu-.

strégan(*), w1., strew, spread; pp. strëd, 2436. [Go. straujan]

strengel**, m., chief, ruler; as. (wigena) ~, 3115. [strang]

strengest, see strang.

strengo, wk.f., strength; ds., 2540; strenge, 1533; as. ~, 1270; dp. strengum, 3117 (or fr. streng, (bow-)string?). --Cpds.: hilde-, mægen-, mere-.

ge-stréon, n., wealth, treasure; ns.(p.?), 2037; as.(p.?), 1920, 3166. [strain] --Cpds.: aér-, eald-, eorl-, héah-, hord-, long-, máðm-, sinc-, þéod-.

strong, see strang.

strúdan, II, plunder, ravage, spoil; pret. opt. 3 sg. strude, [3073], 3126.

ge-strýnan, w1., acquire, gain; 2798. [see ge-stréon]

stund, f., time; dp. stundum, time and time again, 1423. [stound (arch., dial.); Ger. Stunde]

stýle, n. -ja., steel; ds., 985. [steel fr. Angl. stéle; cp. OHG. stahal, stál]

stýl-ecg**, adj., steel-edged; nsn., 1533.

stýran, w1., w/ dat., (steer), restrain; pret. 3 sg. stýrde, [F. [18]].

styrian, w1., stir up; pres. 3 sg. styreþ, 1374; --disturb; pret. opt.(?) 3 sg. styrede, 2840; --treat of, recite; inf., 872.

styrman, w1., storm, shout, roar, rage; pret. 3 sg. styrmde, 2552. [storm]

suhterge-fæderan*, wk.m.p., nephew (brother's son) and (paternal) uncle; 1164. ('Widsith' l.46: suhtor-fædran. See áþum-swéoras)

sum, adj., some (one), one, a certain (one); used as adj.: isn. sume, 2156;--used as subst.; (a) abs.: nsm. sum, 1251, 3124; nsn. sum (anything), 271; asm. sumne, 1432; npm. sume, 400, 1113; (b) w/ partit. gen. (pl., except 712f.; in many cases no partit. relation is perceptible in MnE.): nsm. sum, 248, 314, 1240, 1266, 1312, 1499, 2301; nsn. ~, 1607, 1905; asm. sumne, 713; asn. sum, 675, 2281, 2940(?); w/ gen. of numerals: fíftýna sum (i.e., 'with fourteen others', cp. MHG. selbe zwelfter, etc.), 207; twelfa sum, 2401; eahta sum, 3123; similarly: féara sum, 1412; asm. féara sumne, 3061; manigra sumne, 2091. (sometimes, by litotes, many (a one): 713, 1113, 675(?), 1240(?)) (sometimes, a unique (one), an extraordinary (one), cp. Amer. usage) [Go. sums]

sund, n., (1) water, *sea, (ocean-)sound, strait; ns. sund, 213, 223; ds. sunde, 517, 1510, 1618; as. 507, 512, 539, 1426, 1444; (2) swimming; gs. sundes, 1436; ds. sunde, 518(?); as. sund, 508(?). (see n.506-80) [cp. swimman]

ge-sund, adj., sound, safe, unharmed; asm. -ne, 1628, 1998; npm -e, 2075; --w/ gen.: apm. (síða) gesunde, 318. see an-sund.

sund-gebland**, n., commotion of water, surging water; as., 1450. [blandan]

sund-nyt(t)**, f. -jó, use of the water/ocean; as. -nytte, 2360. (see dréogan)

sundor-nyt(t)(**)+, f. -jó, special service; as. sundornytte, 667.

sundur, adv., asunder, separately; 2422. [Go. sundró]

sund-wudu*, m. -u., sea-wood i.e. ship; 1906; as., 208. cp. saé-.

sunne, wk.f., sun; 606; gs. sunnan, 648; as. ~, 94. [Go. sunnó, OHG. sunno, Ger. Sonne (< IE. *sawen 'sun'); cf. ON. sól, L. sól, W. haul, OIr. súil 'eye' (< IE. *sawel 'sun'), cf. Skt. súrya 'Sun [god]', Av. xvarenah 'halo, solar essence', Gr. 'ηλ&ipsilon;ος 'Sun [god]', Ltv. Sailes (meita) 'sun(-maiden)' (< IE. *swel- 'solar essence')]

sunu, m. -u., son; 524, 645, 980, 1009, 1040, 1089, 1485, 1550, 1699, 1808 (ds.?), 2147, 2367, 2386, 2398, 2447, 2602, 2862, 2971, 3076, 3120, {f. 33]; gs. suna, 2455, 2612, sunu, 1278; ds. suna, 1226, 2025, 2160, 2729, sunu, 344, (1808?); as. sunu, 268, 947, 1115, 1175, 2013 (ap.?), 2119, 2394, 2752; vs. sunu, 590, 1652; np. suna, 2380. [Go. sunus, Ger. Sohne] (mostly w/ gen. of proper names: sunu Healfdenes, ~ Ecgðéowes, etc.)

súð, adv., south(wards); 858.

Súð-Dene, see Dene.

swá,
  I. adv., so, thus, in this manner; at beginning of a sentence, usually at beginning of a-line: 20, 99, 144, 164, 189, 559, 1046, 1142, 1534b, 1694 (also), 1769, 2115, 2144, 2166b, 2177, 2267, 2278, 2291, 2397, 2444, 2462b, 3028, 3066, 3069, 3178 (stressed: 559, 1142, 1694, 2115); position within clause: 1103, 2057, 2498; at end of clause and of b-line (stressed): 538, 762, 797, 1471, 2091, 2990, similarly, 1709, 2730; w/ foll. adj., so; 585, 1732, 1843, similarly, 591, [F. 19]; emphat. (very), 347; len swá wél, 1854; correl swá...swá, see II. --swá þéah (at end of b-line), 972, 1929, 2442, 2878, 2967, see þéah.
  II. conj., as; not foll. by clause; 642, 1787, 2622; foll. by clause, usu. at beginning of b-line (freq. one containing complete clause); 29b, 93b, 273a, 352b, 401b, 444b (swá hé oft dyde, similarly:) 956b, 1058b, 1134b, 1172b, 1238b, 1381b, 1676b, 1891b, 2521b, 2859b; 490b, 561b, 666b, 881b, 1055b, 1234b, 1252b, 1396b, 1451b, 1571a (efne swá), 1587b, 1670b, 1707a, 1786b, 1828a, 1975b, 2233a, 2310b, 2332b, 2470b, 2480b, 2491b, 2526b, 2585b, 2590b, 2608b, 2664a, 2696b, 3049b, 3078b, 3098b, 3140b, 3161b, 3174b; within b-line: 455b, 1231b; correl. swá...swá: 594, 1092 f., 1223, 1283 (efne swá...swá), 3168; swá hwæþer...swá, 686 .; swá hwylc...swá, 943, 3057; --as (soon as), when, 1667b;--since, 2184a;--in such a way that, so that (in negat. clauses), 1048b, 1508a, 2006a, 2574b, [F. 41]; w/ opt., in asseveration: 455b. [Go. swa, OHG. só] (see Ericson, 'The use of swá in OE.', 1929 & Blockey 'Aspects of OE. Syntax', 1998)

swancor*, adj., supple, graceful; apn., 2175. [swank (dial.)]

swan-rád*, f., swan-road, sea; as. -e, 200. cp. hron-.

swát, m., (sweat), (*)blood; 2693, 2966; ds. -e, 1286. --Cpds.: heaþo-, hilde-.

swát-fáh*, adj., blood-stained; nsf., 1111.

swátig, adj., (sweaty), *bloody; nsn., 1569.

swát-swaðu**, f., bloody track (swathe); 2946.

swaþrian(*), w2., subside, become still; pret. 3 pl. swaþredon, 570. Cp. sweðrian.

swaðu, f., track, (swathe); as. swaðe (weardade, remained behind), 2098. see lást. --Cpds.: swát-, wald-.

swaþul**, m. or n., flame, heat; ds. -e, 782. see swioðol, sweoloð.

swaés, adj., (*) (one's) own, dear; asm. -ne, 520; npm. swaése (gesíþas), 29, so apm.: 2040, 2518; gpm. -ra (gesíða), 1934; apm. -e, 1868. [Go. swés]

swaés-líce, adv., in a friendly manner, gently; 3089.

swæþer(**)+ (=swá hwæþer), pron., whichever of two; asn., [F. 27]. (cp. Beowulf l.686). sweart, adj., black, dark, (swart, swarthy); 3145, [F. 35]; dpf. -um, 167.

swebban, w1., (put to sleep), *kill; 679; pres. 3 sg. swefeð, 600. [swefan] --Cpd.: á-.

sweccan, w1., smell; pret. 3 sg. swecte, 1510.

swefan(*), V, sleep, sleep in death; 119, 729, 1672; pres. 3 sg. swefeþ, 1008, 1741, 2060, 2746; 3 pl. swefað, 2256, 2457; pret. 3 sg. swæf, 1800; 3 pl. swaéfon, 703, swaéfun 1280.

swefeð, 600, see swebban.

swég, m. -i., sound, music, noise; 644, 782, 1063; hearpan swég: 89, 2458, 3023; ds. swége, 1214. [swógan] --Cpds.: benc-, morgen-.

swegl*, n., sky, heaven; gs. (under) swegles (begong): 860, 1773; ds. (under) swegle: 1078, 1197.

swegl(**), adj. -u.(?), bright, brilliant; apm. swegle, 2749. [swegl, n.; cp. OS. swigli]

swegl-wered**, adj. (pp.), clothed with radiance; nsf. (sunne) ~, 606. [werian 'clothe']

swelan*, IV, burn(intr.); 2713. see be-swaélan.

swelgan, III, swallow; w/ dat.: pret. 3 sg. swealh, 743; swealg, 3155; w/ ellipsis of pron. obj.: pret. opt. 3 sg. swulge, 782. --Cpd.: for- (w/ acc.).

swellan, III, swell; 2713. [cf. Go. ufswalleins]

sweltan, III, die; pret. 3 sg. swealt, 1617, 2474; morðre ~: 892, 2782, -déaðe ~, 3037; similarly, 2358. [swelt(er); Go. swiltan 'lie dying']

swencan, w1., press hard, harass, afflict; pp. geswenced, 975, 1368. [swincan] --Cpd.: lyft-geswenced.

sweng, m. -i., blow, stroke; ds. -e, 2686, 2966; dp. -um, 2386. [swingan] --Cpds.: feorh-, heaðu-, heoro-, hete-, hond-.

sweofot(*), m. or n., sleep; ds. -e, 1581, 2295. [swefan]

sweoloð(**), m. or n., heat, flames; ds. -e, 1115.

Swéon, wk.m.p., Swedes; i.e. inhabitants of the east central part of present Sweden (northeast of Lakes Väner & Vätter); gp. Swéona, 2472, Swóna, 2946; ~ léodum (-e), 2958, 3001. [O.Ice. Svíar, O.Sw. Swéar, Swíar; cf. Go. swés, OE. swaés 'one's own'] see Scylfingas.

swéor-, see in compound áþum-swéoras.

sweorcan, III, become dark, become grievous; pres. 3 sg. sweorceð, 1737. [OS. swerkan] --Cpd.: for-.

ge-sweorcan, III, be dark, lower; pret. 3 sg. geswearc, 1789.

sweord, swurd, swyrd, n, sword; sweord, 1286, 1289, 1569, 1605, 1615, 1696, 2499, 2509, 2659, 2681, 2700; swurd, 890; gs. sweordes, 1106, 2193, 2386; ds. sweorde, 561, 574, 679, 2492, 2880, 2904; [swurde, F. 13]; as. sweord, 437, 672, 1808, 2252, 2518, 2562; swurd, 1901; swyrd, 2610, 2987; np. swyrd, 3048; gp. sweorda, 1040, 2936, [2961]; dp. sweordum, [567], 586, 884; ap. sweord, 2638; swurd, 539; [sword, F. 15]. [OS. swerd, Ger. Schwert] --Cpds.: eald-, gúð-, máðþum-, waég-.

sweord-bealo**, n. -wa., sword-evil, death by the sword; 1147.

sweord-freca**, wk.m., (sword-) warrior; ds. -frecan, 1468.

sweotol, adj., clear, manifest; nsm. swutol, 90; nsn. sweotol, 817, 833; dsnwk. sweotolan, 141.

Swéo-ðéod, f., the Swedish people; ds. -e, 2922. [ON. Sví-þjóð, cf. 'Leges Edwardi Confessoris' 32E: Suetheida 'Sweden'] see Swío-ríce.

swerian, VI, swear; make an oath pret. 1 sg. swór, 2738; 3 sg. ~, 472. [Go. swaran; cp. and-swaru] --Cpd.: for-.

Swerting, m., (maternal) uncle of Hygelác; gs. -es, 1203. [sweart 'black; ON. Svertingr]

swéte, adj., sweet, fragrant, pure, pleasant; asm. swétne, [F. 39].

sweðrian, w2., subside, diminish, cease; 2702; pret. 3 sg. sweðrode, 901.

swícan, I, depart, escape; pret. opt. 3 sg. swice, 966; --fail (in one's duty to another), desert; w/ dat.: pret. 3 sg. swác, 1460.

ge-swícan, I, fail, prove inefficient; w/ dat., fail, desert; pret. 3 sg. geswác, 1524, 2584, 2681.

swift, adj., swift; nsm.wk. -a, 2264.

swíge, adj. -ja., silent; comp. swígra, 980.

swígian, w2., be silent; pret. 3 sg. swígode, 2897 (w/ gen.); 3 pl. swígedon, 1699. [Ger. schweigen]

swilce, see swylce.

swín, n., (swine), **image of a boar (on a helmet); ns. swýn, 1111; as. swín, 1286. [Go. swein, ON. svín < Gmc. *swínam 'swine' < IE. *suh-íno- < IE. *suh- (Watkins 87:sú-/Pokorny su-s 1039); cf. OE. hogg < Br. Celt. express. *sukko- 'swine, snout of a swine', OE. sugu 'sow' < Gmc. *sugó, OE. sú 'pig' < Gmc. *sú-]

swincan, III, labour, toil; pret. 2 pl. swuncon, 517. [swink (arch., dial.)]

ge-swing*, n., vibration, swirl, surf; 848.

swingan, III, *fly; pres. 3 sg. swingeð, 2264. (nearly always trans. in OE.) [swing]

swín-líc**, n., boar-figure; dp. -um, 1453.

Swío-ríce, n. -ja., Sweden; ds., 2383, 2495. [Sw. Sverige]

swioðol(**), m. or n., fire, flame; ds. swioðole, [3145]. see swaþul, sweoloð.

swíð, adj., strong, harsh; nsn. swíð, 3085; swýð, 191. Comp. nsf. swíðre, right (hand), 2098. [Go. swinþs; Ger. geschwind] --Cpd.: ðrýð-.

swíðe, adv., (w/ adj. or verb), very, much, very much; 597, 997, 1092, 1743, 1926; swýðe, 2170, 2187. Comp. swíðor, more, rather, 960, 1139; more especially, 1874, 2198. --Cpd.: un-.

swíð-ferhð*, adj., strong-minded, determined, brave; 826 (swýð-), gsm. -es, 908; npm. -e, 493; dpm. -um, 173.

swíð-hicgende**, adj. (pres. ptc.), strong-minded, valiant; 919; npm., 1016.

swíð-mód(*), adj., stout-hearted, strong-minded; 1624.

swógan, redup., resound, roar; pres. ptc. swógende, 3145. [sough; OS. swógan, Go. ga-swógjan]

swór, see swerian.

swulces, see swylc.

swurd, see sweord.

swurd-léoma**, wk.m., sword-light; [F. 35].

swutol, see sweotol.

swylc, pron., (1) demonstr., such; 178, 1940, 2541, 2708; gsn. swulces, 880; asn. swylc, 996, 1583, 2798; gpm. swylcra, 582; gpn. ~, 2231; apm. swylce, 1347. (2) relat., such as, which (one); dsm. swylcum, 299; asf. (pl.?) swylce, 1797; asn. swylc, 72; apm. swylce, 1156 (?, see swylce). (3) correl., such...as; nsm. swylc ...~, 1328, 1329; isn. swylce ...~, 1249a, 1249b; apf. swylce...~, 3164a, 3164b. [Go. swa-leiks]

swylce,
  I. adv., likewise, also; 113, 293, 830, 854, 907, 920, 1146, 1165, 1427, 1482, 2258 (gé ~), 2767, 2824, 3150; swilce, 1152.
  II. conj., (such) as; 757, 1156(?), 2459, 2869; [as if, F. 36, w/ opt.]. --(except in 2824, always at beginning of half-line)
[< swá-líc; Go. swaleiks]

swylt*, m. -i., death; 1255, 1436. [sweltan; Go. swulta (-waírþja)]

swylt-dæg*, m., day of death; ds. -e, 2798.

swymman (swimman), III, swim; move through water 1624. [cf. Go. swumfsl 'pool'] --Cpd.: ofer-.

swýn, see swín.

swynsian (swinsian), w2., make a (pleasing/cheerful) sound; pret. 3 sg. swynsode, 611. [swin(n)]

swyrd, see sweord.

swyrd-gifu**, f., giving of swords; 2884. see sweord.

swýð(e), see swíð(e).

sý, see eom.

syfan-wintre(**)+, adj. -ja. (-u.), seven years (winters) old; 2428. [Go. -wintrus]

syfone, see seofon.

syl(l) (**)+, f. -jó., sill, floor; ds. sylle, 775. [cp. Go. ga-suljan]

sylf, see self.

syllan, see sellan.

syl-líc, see sel-líc.

symbel, n., feast, banquet; ds. symble, 119, 2104; symle, 81, 489, 1008; as. symbel, 564, 619, 1010, 2431; gp. symbla, 1232. [OS. ds. sumble, ON. sumbl. fr. Lat. (Gr.) symbola(?)]

symbel-wyn(n)**, f. -jó. (-i.), joy of feasting, delightful feast; as. symbelwynne, 1782.

sym(b)le (sim(b)le), adv., ever, always, continuously; symble, 2450; symle, 2497, 2880. [Go. simlé 'once upon a time'; cf. Lat. semel, simul]

symle, ds., see symbel.

syn(n), f. -jó., sin, crime; dp. synnum, 975, 1255, 3071. --wrong-doing, hostility; ns. synn, 2472. --Cpd.: un-.

syn-bysig**, adj., distressed by sin, guilty; 2226. [busy]

syn-dolh (sin-)**, n., very great wound; 817. see the sin-cpds.

syndon, see eom.

ge-sýne, adj. (-i.) -ja., visible, evident; 2947, 3158; nsn., 1255, 2316, 3058; npm., 1403. [seen; Go. (ana-)siuns; cp. OE. séon] --Cpd.: éþ-.

syn-gáles, see sin-gáles.

ge-syngian, w2., sin, commit a crime; pp. gesyngad, 2441.

syn-scaþa(*), wk.m., sin-scather, malefactor, miscreant, sinful criminal; 707, as. -scaðan, 801. cp. mán-.

syn-snaéd**, f. -i., huge morsel; dp. -um, 743. [sníðan] see the sin-cpds.

synt, see eom.

ge-synto, f., health, safety; dp. gesyntum, 1869. [ge-sund]

syrce, wk.f., shirt of mail; 1111; np. syrcan, 226; ap. ~, 334. [sark (dial: Sc., North.); ON. serkr] --Cpds.: beadu-, here-, hioro-, leoðo-, líc-.

syrwan, w1., plot, ambush; pret. 3 sg. syrede, 161. [searo] --Cpd.: be-.

syððan, see siððan.