HOME
Beowulf on Steorarume
E
éac, adv., conj. (postposition), also, moreover; 97, 388, 433, 1683, 2776; éc, 3131; [and éac, F. 45]. [eke (arc.); Go. auk, OS. óc, OHG. ouh, OFris. ák, ON. auk, ok, Ger. auch; cp. eke (out); cf. Skt. u 'and, but, also']
éacen, adj., (pp.), *large, mighty; asn., 1663; npm. éacne, 1621; dpf. éacnum, 2140; *great, mighty; nsm., 198. [cp. Go. aukan 'to increase'; ON. auka, OFris. áka, OHG. ouhhan; see éac]
éacen-cræftig**, adj., exceedingly powerful, huge; nsn, 3051; asn., 2280.
Éad-gils, m., Swedish prince, son of Óhthere; ds. -e, 2392. [éad 'wealth'; gís(e)l 'hostage']
éadig, adj., prosperous, happy, blessed; 1225, 2470. [Go. audags] --Cpds.: sige-, sigor-, tír-.
éadig-líce, adv., happily; 100.
eafor, see eofor.
Eafor, see Eofor.
eafora, eafera, *, wk.m., offspring, son, posterity, child, successor; eafera, 12, 19, 897; eafora, 375, 2358, 2992; gs. eaforan, 2451; as. eaferan, 1547, 1847; np. ~, 2475 (?); dp. ~, 1185, eaferum 2470. In a wider sense, pl.=(members of one's household,) retainers, men; dp. Finnes eaferum, 1710; so perhaps np. Ongenðeowes eaferan, 2475. [cp. Go. afar]
eafoð*, n., strength, might, power; gs., eafoþes, 1466, 1763; as. eafoð (ond ellen), 602, 2349; eafoð, 960; dp. eafeþum, 1716; ap. eofoðo, 2534. [cp. ON. afl, Genesis B.: abal]
éage, wk.n., eye; gp. éagena, 1766; dp. éagum, 726, 1781, 1933. [Go. augó]
éagor-stréam*, m., sea-stream, sea; as., 513. [on éagor, see Siev. §289 & n.2; cp. ég-stréam]
Éaha, wk.m., a (Half-)Danish warrior; [F. 15].
eahta, num., eight; g., 3123; a., 1035. [Go. ahtau]
eahtian, w2., consider, deliberate (about something); pret. 3 pl. eahtedon, 172; --watch over, rule pret. 3 sg. eahtode, 1407; --esteem, praise; pres. 3 pl. ehtigað, 1222; pret. 3 pl. eahtodan, 3173; pp. geæhted, 1885. [OHG. ahtón, Ger. achten, Go. aha ('mind', 'understanding')]
eal(l), adj., & subst., all; nsm. eal, 1424; nsf. eal, 1738, 1790, [F. 36], eall 2087, 2885; nsn. eal, 835, 848, 998, 1567 (or: adv.), 1593, 1608, eall 651, 2149, 2461, 2727, 3030; gsn. ealles, 1955, 2162, 2739, 2794; dsn. eallum, 913; asm. ealne, 1222, 2297, 2691; asf. ealle, 830, 1796 (or pl.?); asn. eal, 523, 744, 1086, 1155, 1185, 1701, 1705, [F. 22], eall 71, 2005, 2017, 2042, 2080, 2427, 2663, 3087, 3094; isn. eall, 2667; npm. ealle, 111, 699, 705, 941, 1699; npn. eal, 486, 1620; gpm. ealra, [F. 32], ~ twelfe ('twelve in all'), 3170; gpn. ealra, 1727; dpm. eallum, 145, 767, 823, 906, 1057, 1417, 2268; apm. ealle, 649, 1080, 1122, 1717, 2236, 2814, 2899. --eal(l), adv., entirely, quite; eal, 680, [1129], 1708; eall, 3164. (in a few other instances eall, adj., approaches adverbial functions) ealles (gsn.), adv., in every respect, 1000 [Go. alls, ON. allr < Gmc. *ala- < IE. *al-. Gmc. & Celt. root (Watkins 3:al-5! /Pokorny 1. al- 24)] --Cpd.: n(e)alles.
eald, adj., old; (1) of living beings: nsm., 357, 945(?), 1702, 2042, 2210, 2271, 2415, 2449, 2929, 2957; gsm. ealdes, 2760; dsm. ealdum, 1874, 2972; dpm. ealdum, 72. (2) of material things (time-honoured): nsm., 2763; asn., 2774; af. ealde, 795, 1488, 1688; apm. ealde, 472. (3) continued from the past, long-standing: asn., 1781; asf. ealde, 1865; asn.wk. ealde, 2330. --See gamol, fród. [Go. alþeis, Ger. alt] --Comp. yldra, elder, older; 468, 1324, 2378. --Supl. yldesta, eldest, oldest; dsm. yldestan, 2435; (se) yldesta, chief; 258; asm. yldestan, 363.
ealder-, see ealdor-dagas.
eald-fæder(**)+, m. -c., father, ancestor; 373. cp. aér-fæder.
eald-gesegen**, f., old tradition (saga); gp. -a, 869.
eald-gesíð*, m., old comrade/retainer; np. -as, 853.
eald-gestréon, n., ancient treasure; gp. -a, 1458; dp. -um, 1381.
eald-gewinna**, wk.m., old adversary ('hostis antiquus'); 1776.
eald-gewyrht*, n. -i., result of former deeds; earlier deeds; np., 2657.
eald-hláford, m., old(perhaps 'dear' or 'rightful') lord; gs. -es, 2778 (i.e., Béowulf).
eald-metod**, m., god of old; 945.
ealdor, aldor, m., chief, lord, prince, (elder); aldor 56, 369, 392, ealdor 1644, 2920; ds. aldre 346, ealdre 592; as. aldor 668, ealdor 1848. [cp. alderman]
ealdor, aldor, (*), n., life; gs. aldres 822, 1002, 1565, ealdres 1338, 2061, 2443, 2790; ds. aldre 661, 680, 1434 (vitals), 1447, 1469, 1478, 1524, ealdre 1442, 1655, 2133, 2396, 2481, 2599, 2624, 2825, 2924; on aldre (ever), 1779; tó aldre, for ever, always, all the time, 2005, 2498, áwa ~, 955; as. aldor, 1371; dp. aldrum, 510, 538. [Go. -aldrs]
(e)aldor-bealu*, n. -wa., injury to life, death; as. aldor-, 1676.
(e)aldor-cearu**, f., life-care, great sorrow; ds. aldorceare, 906.
(e)aldor-dagas**, m.p. (sing: -dæg), days of life dp. aldordagum 718, ealder, 757.
(e)aldor-gedál*, n., separation from life, death; aldor-, 805. [cp. daélan; líf-gedál]
ealdor-gewinna*, wk.m., life-enemy, deadly enemy; dire foe; 2903.
(e)aldor-léas(**)+, adj., **lord-less, lacking a king; npm. aldor[lé]ase, 15.
ealdor-léas**, adj., lifeless, dead; asm. aldorléasne 1587, ealdor-, 3003.
(e)aldor-þegn(*), m., chief thane; as. aldor-, 1308.
eald-sweord**, n., ancient/old sword; as. ealdsweord (eotenisc), 1558, 2616, 2979, (similarly) 1663.
eal-fela*, n. -u. (indecl.), very much (w/ gen.), a great many; acc., 869, 883.
eal(l)-gearo*, adj. -wa., quite ready; eall-, 2241; eal-, nsf. 1230 (alert or willing), nsn. 77.
ealgian, w2., protect, defend; (feorh) ~, 796, 2655, 2668; pret. 3 sg. ealgode, 1204. [cp. ealh 'temple'; Lat. arcére]
eal(l)-gylden, adj., all-golden; nsn. (swýn) ealgylden ('entirely covered with gold', Stjerna 6), 1111; asn. (segn) eallgylden ('gold-wrought', i.e., 'made of or intermixed with threads of gold wire', Earle 107 - (?) ), 2667.
eall-íren**, adj. -ja., all of iron; asn.wk. -írenne, 2338.
ealo-, ealu-benc, **, f. -i., ale-bench; ds. ealobence, 1029; ealubence, 2867. [ealu]
ealo-drincend(e)**, m. -c., (pres. ptc.) [pl.], ale-drinker; np. ealodrincende, 1945.
éa-lond, n., water-land, **sea-board; as., 2334. [island]
ealo-, ealu-waége, **, n. -ja., ale-cup/flagon; as. ealowaége 481, 495, ealuwaége 2021.
ealu-scerwen**, f. -jó., (dispensing of ale i.e.) bitter anguish/distress/terror (?) (also, see Wrenn, glossary); 769 (n.). cp. meoduscerwen, Andreas 1524.
éam, m., (maternal) uncle; éäm, 881. [eme (obs., dial.); OHG óheim, Ger. Oheim; cf. Go. awó 'grandmother', Nep. mámá 'maternal uncle']
Éan-mund, m., Swedish prince, son of Óhthere; gs. -es, 2611. [éad 'wealth'; mund 'hand', 'protection']
eard, m., land, estate, region, dwelling, home; 2198; ds. earde, 56, 2654, 2736; as. eard, 104, 1132, 1377, 1500, 1727, 2493; np. (sg. meaning) eardas, 1621.
eardian, w2., (1) dwell, remain; pret. 3 pl. eardodon, 3050. (2) inhabit; inf. eardian, 2589; pret. 3 sg. eardode, 166.
eard-lufu (-lufe), **, (wk.)f., (home-love), dear home; as. eardlufan, 692.
earfoþe, n. -ja., hardship, hard struggle; earfoþ', 902; ap. earfeþo, 534. [arveth, arch.; cp. Go. arbaiþs, Ger. Arbeit]
earfoð-líce, adv., with difficulty, painfully, sorrowfully; 1636, 1657, 2822, 2934; with torture, impatiently, 86, 2303.
earfoð-þrág**, f., (time of tribulation), distress; as. -e, 283.
earg, adj., cowardly, spiritless, craven; vile, wretched, useless; slothful, sluggish; gsm. -es, 2541. [argh, arch. cp. Ger. arg]
earm, m., arm; ds. -e, 2361; as. earm, 749, 835, 972; dp. -um, 513. [Go. arms]
earm, adj., wretched, distressed, forlorn, pitiful, poor; 2368; dsf. -re, 2938. -Comp. asm. -ran, 577. [Ger. arm; cf. Go. armahaírts]
earme, adv., wretchedly; 1117.
earm-béag(**)+, m., arm-ring, bracelet; gp. -a, 2763.
earm-[h]réad**, f., arm-ornament; np. -e, 1194.
earm-líc, adj., miserable, pitiable, wretched; 807.
earm-sceapen, adj. (pp.), wretched, miserable; 1351.
earn, m., eagle; ds. -e, 3026. see Earna-næs, 3031. [erne; cp. Ger. Aar, Go. ara, Gr. ορνις]
Earna-næs, m., a promontory in the land of the Geats, near the scene of the dragon fight; as. 3031. ['Eagle-Ness' : earn 'eagle']
eart, see eom.
éastan, adv., from the east; 569, [F. 3].
Éast-Dene, see Dene.
eatol, see atol.
éaðe, adj. -ja., easy, pleasant; nsm. éðe, 2586; nsn. ýðe, 1002, 2415; npf. éaðe, 228. [eath (sc.); cp. OS. óði, Ger. Öde, Go. auþs ('waste', 'abandoned'). The éa-form perhaps due to influence of adv.] (cp. ýðe-líce)
éaðe, adv., easily; éaþe mæg, 478, 2291, 2764.
éað-fynde*, adj. -ja., easy to find; 138 (implying 'a great number', 'all').
(ge-)éawan, see (ge-)ýwan.
eaxl, f., shoulder; ds. -e, 816, 1117, 1537, 1547; as. ~, 835, 972; dp. -um, 358, 2853. [cp. axle; Ger. Achsel]
eaxl-gestealla(*), wk.m., shoulder-companion, comrade; 1326; ap. -gesteallan, 1714.
éc, see éac.
éce, adj. -ja., perpetual, eternal, everlasting; éce (drihten), 108; nsn. (or m.), 2719; dsm. écum (dryhtne), 2796; dsm.wk. écean (~), 1692, 1779, 2332; asm. écne (raéd), 1201; apm. éce (raédas), 1760. [cp. OE. ác 'oak'; cf. Go. ajuk-dúþs 'eternal', Ger. ewig]
ecg, f. -jó., edge, sword; 1106, 1459, 1524, 1575, 1763, 2506, 2508, 2577, 2772, 2778; ds. ecge, 2876; as. ~, 1549; np. ecga 2828, ecge 1148, 2683; gp. ecga, 483, 805, 1168; dp. ecgum, 1287, 1559, 1772, 2140, 2485, 2564, 2614, 2939, 2961; ap. ecge, 1812. [Ger. Ecke, ON. OFris. egg, OS. eggia, OHG. ecka; cp. Gr. ακμη 'acme', Lat. aciés 'edge, sharp' Gr. ακμη 'point' (> MnE. acme), Lith. aks`tì-s 'spit'] --Cpds.: brún-, heard-, stýl-.
ecg-bana**, wk.m., slayer with the sword; ds. -banan, 1262.
ecg-clif**, n., sea-cliff (=ég-clif), or cliff with an edge or brink, steep cliff; as., 2893.
ecg-hete*, m. -i., sword-hate, hostility, war; [84]; as., 1738.
Ecg-láf, m., a Dane, father of Unferð; gs. Ecgláfes: ~ bearn, 499; sunu ~, 590, [980], 1808; mago ~, 1465. [ecg 'sword', 'edge'; láf 'remnant', 'heirloom']
Ecg-þéow, m. -wa., father of Béowulf (tribal affiliation uncertain - see n.343); 263, 373 (Ecgþéo); gs. Ecgþéowes: bearn ~, 529, 631, [957], 1383, 1473, 1651, 1817, 1999 (-ðíoes), 2177, 2425; sunu ~, 1550, 2367, 2398 (-ðíowes); maga ~, 2587. [ecg 'sword'; þéow 'servant'; cf. ON. Eggþér]
ecg-þracu**, f., sword-storm; fight, battle, struggle; as. -þræce, 596.
Ecg-wela, wk.m., (unknown) Danish king; gs. -an, 1710. [ecg 'sword'; wela 'wealth']
éd(e)r, see aéd(e)r.
ed-hwyrft, m. -i., return, change, reverse; 1281. [hweorfan]
ed-wenden*, f. -jó., turning back, reversal, change; edwendan 280, 1774; edwenden, 2188.
ed-wít-líf**, n., life of dishonour/disgrace; 2891. [Go. idweit]
efn, in on efn, prep. phrase, w/ preceding dat., (even with), beside; 2903. [anent; Ger. neben]
efnan, see æfnan.
efne, adv., even, just; efne (swá), 943, 1092, 1223, 1283, 1571, 3057; efne (swylc), 1249. [Go. ibna-, Ger. neben-]
eftstan, w1., hasten (intr.); 3101; pret. 3 sg. efste, 1493. [ofost]
eft, adv., afterwards, back, again; in turn, on the other hand; 22, 56, 123, 135, 281, 296, 603, 692, 853, 871, 1146, 1160, 1377, 1529, 1541, 1556, 1596, 1753, 1804, 1869, 2111, 2117, 2142, 2200, 2319, 2365, 2368, 2387, 2592, 2654, 2790, 2941, 2956, 3044; eft swá aér, 642, 1787; eft sóna (eft-soon(s)), 1762. [Go. afta] [cp. æfter]
eft-cyme*, m. -i., return; gs. eftcymes, 2896. [cuman]
eft-síð**, m., journey back, return; gs. -es, 2783; as. -síð, 1891; ap. -as téah, returned, 1332.
egesa, wk.m., terror, fear, horror; 784; gs. egesan, 1757; ds. ~ (terribly, greatly?), 1827, 2736; as. ~, 3154; þurh egsan, in a terrible manner, 276. [Go. agis; OE. ege, cp. awe; Gr. αχος 'pain'] --Cpds.: gléd-, líg-, wæter-.
eges-full, adj., terrible; 2929.
eges-líc, adj., terrible; nsm., 2309, 2825; nsn., 1649.
egl, f. -ó., spike, talon; 987. [cf. Go. ahs; L. acuo; OE. ecg] egsa, see egesa.
egsian(**)+, w2., terrify; pret. 3 sg. egsode, 6.
ég-stréam*, m., water-stream, pl. sea; dp. -um, 577. [cp. éagor-stréam, aég-weard; éa-lond]
éhtan, w1., w/ gen., pursue, persecute; pret. 3 pl. éhton, 1512; pres. ptc. éhtende (wæs), 159. [óht]
ehti(g)an, see eahtian.
elde, eldo, see ylde, yldo.
el-land*, n., foreign country; as., 3019. [Ger. Elend] [cp. elra]
ellen, n., courage, valour, strength, zeal; 573, 902, 2706; gs. elnes, 1529, 2876; ds. elne, 893, 1097, 2861; on ~, 2506, 2816; (mid) ~, 1493, 2535; elne (semi-adv.), valiantly; quickly: ~ geéode 2676, similarly, 1967, 2917; as. ellen, 602, 2349, 2695, [F. 11], (deed[s] of valour:) 3, 637. [Go. aljan] --Cpd.: mægen-.
ellen-daéd*, f. -i., deed of valour; dp. -um, 867, 900.
ellen-gaést**, m. -i., powerful or bold spirit/demon; 86.
ellen-líce(**), adv., valiantly, boldly; 2122.
ellen-maérþu**, f., fame for courage; heroic deed; dp. -maérþum, 828, 1471.
ellen-róf, adj., famed for courage/valour, brave, strong; 340, 358, 3063; dpm. -um, 1787.
ellen-síoc**, adj., (strength-sick), deprived of strength, mortally wounded; asm. -ne, 2787.
ellen-weorc(*), n., work of valour, courageous deed; as., 661, 958, 1464, 2643; gp. -a, 2399; ap. -weorc, 3173.
elles, adv., else, otherwise; 2520; ~ hwaér, 138; ~ hwergen, 2590. [Go. alja]
ellor*, adv., elsewhere, death; 2451. ][Go. aljar]
ellor-gást, -gaést, **, m. -a., m. -i., alien spirit; -gást, 807, 1621, -gaést 1617; ap. -gaéstas, 1349.
ellor-síð**, m., journey elsewhere, death; 2451.
elne(s), see ellen.
elra*, comp., another; dsm. elran, 752. [cp. Go. aljis, Lat. alius. see el-, elles, ellor]
el-þéodig, adj., foreign, strange; barbarous; apm. elþéodige, 336. [cp. elra]
ende, m. -ja., end; 822, 1254; ds., 224, 2790, 2823; as., 1387, 1734, 2021, 2442, 2844, 3046, 3063. [Go. andeis] --Cpd.: woruld-.
ende-dæg, m., last day, death; 3035; as., 637.
ende-dógor*, n., last day, death; gs., -dógores, 2896.
ende-láf**, f., last remnant; 2813.
ende-léan(*), n., final reward or retribution; as., 1692.
ende-saéta**, wk.m., one stationed at the (end) extremity of a territory (i.e. coast-guard); 241. [sittan]
ende-stæf(*), m., end, conclusion; as., 1753. see fácen-stafas.
(ge-)endian, w2., end; pp. geendod, 2311.
enge, adj. -ja., narrow, close, constrained; severe, painful, cruel; apm., 1410 (cheerless?). [Go. aggwus, Ger. eng, Skt. ahú- 'narrow']
ent, m. -i., giant; gp. enta (geweorc), 2717, 2774, similarly, 1669.
entisc**, adj., made by giants; giant(ish?); asm. -ne 2929.
(ge)-éode, see (ge-)gán. [Go. iddja]
eodor, m., (1) enclosure, precinct; ap. (under, 'inside') eoderas, 1037. (2)* protector, prince (w/ gen. pl.); ns. eodur, 663, eodor 1044; vs. eodor, 428. (cp. hléo).
eofer, eofor, m., boar; figure of a boar on helmet: eofer, 1112; ap. eoferas, 1328; boar banner: as. eafor, 2152. [*Go. ibrs (in pr. names Ever-múd, -wulf, Ev(o)r-ald), OS. evur, OHG. ebur, Ger. Eber; cf. ON. jofurr 'prince, leader']
Eofor, m., a Geat, son of Wonréd, brother of Wulf, slayer of Ongenþéow; gs. Eofores, 2486, Eafores, 2964; ds. Iofore, 2993, 2997. [eofor 'boar']
eofer-spréot(**)+, m., boar-spear; dp. -um, 1437.
eofor-líc**, n., boarlike (thing); figure of a boar; np., 303. (see líc, swín-líc)
eofoð, see eafoð.
eolet**, sea? voyage?; gs. -es, 224.
eom, anv., am, is, are (sometimes used as auxil. w/ pp. of trans. or intrans. verbs); 1 sg. eom, 335, 407, 1475, 2527, [F. 24]; 2 sg. eart, 352, 506, 1844, 2813; 3 sg. is 31 times, 248, 256, 272, etc., [F. 24, 26], ys 2093, 2910, 2999, 3084; negat. nis, 249, 1361, 1373, 2458, 2532; 1 pl. synt, 260, 342; 2 pl. syndon, 237, 393; 3 pl. sint 388, synt 364, syndon 257, 361, 1230; opt. 3 sg. síe 435, 3105, síë 682, sig 1778, sý 1941, sÿ 1831, 2649. --wesan, V, be (often used as auxil. w/ pp. of trans. and sometimes of intrans. verbs); inf. wesan, 272, 1328, 1859, 2708, 2801, 3021; imp. sg. wes, 269, 1170, 1219, 1224, 1480, wæs 407; [pl. wesað, F. 12]; pret. 1 sg. wæs, 240, 1657, 2428, 3087; negat. næs, 2141, 2432; 3 sg. wæs 243 times, 11, 18, 49, 53, 126, 140, etc., [F. 28, 45]; negat. næs 21 times, 134, 1299, etc.; 1 pl waéron, 536, 544, 1820, 3 pl. waéron 15 times, 233, 548, 612, etc., waéran 2475; negat. naéron, 2657; opt. 2 sg. waére, 1478; 3! sg. waére 14 times, 173, 203, 593, etc. [F. 36, 44]; negat. naére, 860, 1167; (3 pl. waéron, 233, 1986?). --Note: pres. ptc. used w/ wæs, waére ('progressive form'): 159, 1105, 3028. Omission of wesan: 617, 992, 1783, 1857, 2091, 2256, 2363, 2497, 2659, of is, wæs (in negat. clauses of general import): 2262, 2297; cp. loosely joined elliptic clauses, 936, 1343, 2035, also 3062. --Cpds.: cniht-, umbor-wesende. --béon, anv., be; the indic. forms used in 'abstract' clauses; thus in generic and gnomic statements: 3 sg. bið, 183, 186, 1059, 1283, 1384, 1388, 1940, 2541, (cp. w/ (n)is, 2532), 2890, 3174, byð 1002, 2277; 3 pl. béoð, 1838; ref. to 'typical' instances: 3 sg. bið, 1742, 1755, 2444, 2450; w/ a future sense: 1 sg. béo, 1825; 3 sg. bið, 299, 660, 949, 1762, 1767, 1784, 1835, 2043; 3 pl. bíoð, 2063; --imp. sg. béo, 386, 1173, 1226, bío 2747. (auxil. w/ pp: 1745, 2063, 2450) [Go. im, L. esum, Gr. ειμι, Skt. asmi
(Éo-mér, m., sometimes MS l.1960 'on geomor' is altered to the supposed name Éomer = son of the Angle king Offa; [eoh 'horse' [ON. jór; cf. OIr. ech, Lat. equus, Gr. 'ιππος, Skt. açva < IE. *ek`wo- 'horse' ? < IE. *ek`w-o-, related to (?) IE. *ók`u- 'swift' (Watkins 23:ekwo-/Pokorny ekuo-s 201); maére 'famous' (- cf. 'OE. Bede' 122.9: Éomaér)])
eorclan-stán, m., precious stone, jewel, gem; ap. -as, 1208. [cp. eorc(n)an-stán, ON. iarknasteinn. cf. OHG. erchan 'egregious', Go. airkn-s 'holy', (airkniþa 'purity'), OE. Eorcon- in names of persons; but more likely of oriental origin (yellow or oriental topaz?); esp. cf. Bang. /ErkO/ (Abbi & Zoller); (also see Tolkien's dwarvish gem, the 'Arkenstone', in The Hobbit, presumably taken from OE.)]
éored-geatwe**, f. -wó., p., warlike equipments; ap., 2866. [éored ( = eoh + rád) 'troop' (orig., of cavalry). see wíg-getáwa]
eorl, m., nobleman, (earl); man, warrior, hero; 761, 795, 1228, 1328, 1512, 1702, 2908, 2951, 3015, 3063, 3077; gs. eorles, 689, 982, 1757; as. eorl, 573, 627, 2695; gp. eorla, 248, 357, 369, 431, 1235, 1238, 1312, 1420, 1891, 2064, 2248, [2361], 2891, 3166, ~ drihten: 1050, 2338, ~ hléo: 791, 1035, 189, 1967, 2142, 2190; dp. eorlum, 769, 1281, 1649, 1676, 2021; ap. eorlas, [6], 2816. [earl, cp. ON. jarl]
*Eorle, m. -i p., Heruli/Heruls [a people who, early in the Germanic Migration Age, terrorised northern Europe/Scandinavia - see notes to MS. & dual-language texts], ap. [6].
eorl-gestréon*, n., (noblemen's) treasure, riches; gp. -a, 2244.
eorl-gewaéde**, n. -ja., dress of a warrior, armour; dp. (sg. meaning) -gewaédum, 1442.
eorlíc (=eorl-líc) (**)(+), adj., manly, heroic, noble; asn. eorlíc, 637.
eorl-scipe*, m. -i., nobility, rank; heroic deed(s); as., 1727, 3173, ~ efnan (& similarly): 2133, 2535 (-scype), 2622, 3007.
eorl-weorod**, n., band of warriors; 2893.
eormen-cyn(n)*, n. -ja., mankind; gs. -cynnes, 1957. [OE. eormen- 'immense', Go. *aírman-s 'big, powerful' (in Go. pr. names Ermana-, Ermina-rícu-s, ~gildu-s', ON. jormun-, OS. irmin-, OHG. erman-, ermun-, irmin-; Gr. ορμενο-ς 'high', Arm. arman 'wonder']
eormen-grund(**), m., spacious (ground) earth; as., 859. (Jul. 10, Christ 482: yrmenne grund (as.))
eormen-láf**, wk.m., immense legacy; as. -láfe, 2234.
Eormen-ríc, m., king of the East Goths; gs. -es, 1201. [eormen 'immense'; ríce 'powerful'; cf. Go. reiks 'ruler']
eorre, see yrre.
eorð-búend(e) (*), m. -c. (pres. ptc.) [pl.], (earth-dweller), man, native; gp. -ra, [F. 32]. (cp. 'Judith' ll.226, 315: landbúend(e)='land-dwellers', i.e., 'natives')
eorð-cyning, m., king of the land; gp. -es, 1155.
eorð-draca**, wk.m., earth-dragon; 2712, 2825.
eorðe, wk.f., earth i.e., both ground and the world we live in; gs. eorþan, 752, 1730, 2727, 3049; ds. ~, 1532, 1822, 2415, 2822, 2855, 3138; as. ~, 92, 2834, 3166, ofer ~, 248, 802, 2007, wíde geond ~, 266, 3099. [Go. aírþa, ON. jorð, OFris. irthe, OS. erða, OHG. erda, Ger. Erde; W. erw 'field']
eorð-reced**, m.n., earth-house; cave dwelling; 2719.
eorð-scræf, n., earth-cavern, cave; gp. -scrafa, 3046.
eorð-sele(**)+, n., earth-hall; cave, underground dwelling; ds. -e, [2232], 2515; as., 2410.
eorð-weal(l) (**)+, m., earth-wall, mound; as., 2334.
Éotan, wk.m.p., 'Jutes'; the people of Finn, the Frisian king; (giants? - see n.1072): gp. Éotena, 1072, 1088, 1141; dp. Éotenum, 1145; --giants, (etins); dp. ~, 902.
eoten(**)(+), m., giant, ettin/eten (obs., dial.); 761 (Grendel); np. -as, 112; gp. -a, 421, 883. [ON. iotunn] [cp. etan(?)]
eotenisc**, adj., made by giants, giantish; asn. (-sweord) ~: 1558, etonisc 2616, eotonisc 2979.
eoton-weard**, f., watch against giants; as. -weard, 668.
éow, see þú.
éowan, see ýwan.
éower, poss. pron., your; 2532; dsn. éowrum, 2885; asm. éowerne, 294, 2537, 2889; asn. éower, 251; npm. éowre, 257; gpm. éowra, 634; dpn. éowrum, 396; [apf. éowre, F. 11]; apn. (?, see þú) éower, 392.
éower, éowic, (pers. pron.), see þú.
ést, f. -i., favour, good will, boon; 3075(?); dp. éstum ('with good will', 'kindly'), 1194, 2149, 2378, ~ miclum 958; --gift, legacy, bequest; as. ést, 2157, 2165, 3076(?n.). [Go. ansts] [unnan]
éste(*), adj. -ja., kind, gracious (w/ gen.: 'in regard to'), 945.
etan, V, eat; 443; 3 sg. eteð, 449. [Go. itan, OS. etan, OHG. ezzan, Ger. essen] --Cpds.: þurh-, fretan.
etonisc, see eotenisc.
éð-begéte(**), adj. -ja., easy to obtain (get); 2861. [see éaðe, be-gitan]
éðe, see éaðe.
éþel, m., native land, home; ds. éþle, 1730, 1774; as.
, 520, 913; éðel, 1960. [Go. utal 'rune-letter o', ON. óðal, OS. óðil, OHG. uodal, -il; cf. Ger. pr. name Ulrich]
éðel-riht*, n., ancestral right, priviliges belonding to a hereditary estate, ancestral domain; 2198. see folc-, lond-riht.
éþel-stól*, m., native seat, ancestral throne; ap. -as, 2371. [stool]
éþel-weard*, m., guardian of the native land, king; weard, 1702, éþelweard, 2210; ds. -e, 616.
éðel-wyn(n)**, f. -i., enjoyment of hereditary estate, delight of/for home; ns. éðelwyn, 2885; as. ~, 2493.
éþ-gesýne*, adj. -ja., easily visible (with the connotation of 'in abundance'); 1110; ýþgeséne, 1244. [see éaðe; seen]
Beowulf on Steorarume
E
éac, adv., conj. (postposition), also, moreover; 97, 388, 433, 1683, 2776; éc, 3131; [and éac, F. 45]. [eke (arc.); Go. auk, OS. óc, OHG. ouh, OFris. ák, ON. auk, ok, Ger. auch; cp. eke (out); cf. Skt. u 'and, but, also']
éacen, adj., (pp.), *large, mighty; asn., 1663; npm. éacne, 1621; dpf. éacnum, 2140; *great, mighty; nsm., 198. [cp. Go. aukan 'to increase'; ON. auka, OFris. áka, OHG. ouhhan; see éac]
éacen-cræftig**, adj., exceedingly powerful, huge; nsn, 3051; asn., 2280.
Éad-gils, m., Swedish prince, son of Óhthere; ds. -e, 2392. [éad 'wealth'; gís(e)l 'hostage']
éadig, adj., prosperous, happy, blessed; 1225, 2470. [Go. audags] --Cpds.: sige-, sigor-, tír-.
éadig-líce, adv., happily; 100.
eafor, see eofor.
Eafor, see Eofor.
eafora, eafera, *, wk.m., offspring, son, posterity, child, successor; eafera, 12, 19, 897; eafora, 375, 2358, 2992; gs. eaforan, 2451; as. eaferan, 1547, 1847; np. ~, 2475 (?); dp. ~, 1185, eaferum 2470. In a wider sense, pl.=(members of one's household,) retainers, men; dp. Finnes eaferum, 1710; so perhaps np. Ongenðeowes eaferan, 2475. [cp. Go. afar]
eafoð*, n., strength, might, power; gs., eafoþes, 1466, 1763; as. eafoð (ond ellen), 602, 2349; eafoð, 960; dp. eafeþum, 1716; ap. eofoðo, 2534. [cp. ON. afl, Genesis B.: abal]
éage, wk.n., eye; gp. éagena, 1766; dp. éagum, 726, 1781, 1933. [Go. augó]
éagor-stréam*, m., sea-stream, sea; as., 513. [on éagor, see Siev. §289 & n.2; cp. ég-stréam]
Éaha, wk.m., a (Half-)Danish warrior; [F. 15].
eahta, num., eight; g., 3123; a., 1035. [Go. ahtau]
eahtian, w2., consider, deliberate (about something); pret. 3 pl. eahtedon, 172; --watch over, rule pret. 3 sg. eahtode, 1407; --esteem, praise; pres. 3 pl. ehtigað, 1222; pret. 3 pl. eahtodan, 3173; pp. geæhted, 1885. [OHG. ahtón, Ger. achten, Go. aha ('mind', 'understanding')]
eal(l), adj., & subst., all; nsm. eal, 1424; nsf. eal, 1738, 1790, [F. 36], eall 2087, 2885; nsn. eal, 835, 848, 998, 1567 (or: adv.), 1593, 1608, eall 651, 2149, 2461, 2727, 3030; gsn. ealles, 1955, 2162, 2739, 2794; dsn. eallum, 913; asm. ealne, 1222, 2297, 2691; asf. ealle, 830, 1796 (or pl.?); asn. eal, 523, 744, 1086, 1155, 1185, 1701, 1705, [F. 22], eall 71, 2005, 2017, 2042, 2080, 2427, 2663, 3087, 3094; isn. eall, 2667; npm. ealle, 111, 699, 705, 941, 1699; npn. eal, 486, 1620; gpm. ealra, [F. 32], ~ twelfe ('twelve in all'), 3170; gpn. ealra, 1727; dpm. eallum, 145, 767, 823, 906, 1057, 1417, 2268; apm. ealle, 649, 1080, 1122, 1717, 2236, 2814, 2899. --eal(l), adv., entirely, quite; eal, 680, [1129], 1708; eall, 3164. (in a few other instances eall, adj., approaches adverbial functions) ealles (gsn.), adv., in every respect, 1000 [Go. alls, ON. allr < Gmc. *ala- < IE. *al-. Gmc. & Celt. root (Watkins 3:al-5! /Pokorny 1. al- 24)] --Cpd.: n(e)alles.
eald, adj., old; (1) of living beings: nsm., 357, 945(?), 1702, 2042, 2210, 2271, 2415, 2449, 2929, 2957; gsm. ealdes, 2760; dsm. ealdum, 1874, 2972; dpm. ealdum, 72. (2) of material things (time-honoured): nsm., 2763; asn., 2774; af. ealde, 795, 1488, 1688; apm. ealde, 472. (3) continued from the past, long-standing: asn., 1781; asf. ealde, 1865; asn.wk. ealde, 2330. --See gamol, fród. [Go. alþeis, Ger. alt] --Comp. yldra, elder, older; 468, 1324, 2378. --Supl. yldesta, eldest, oldest; dsm. yldestan, 2435; (se) yldesta, chief; 258; asm. yldestan, 363.
ealder-, see ealdor-dagas.
eald-fæder(**)+, m. -c., father, ancestor; 373. cp. aér-fæder.
eald-gesegen**, f., old tradition (saga); gp. -a, 869.
eald-gesíð*, m., old comrade/retainer; np. -as, 853.
eald-gestréon, n., ancient treasure; gp. -a, 1458; dp. -um, 1381.
eald-gewinna**, wk.m., old adversary ('hostis antiquus'); 1776.
eald-gewyrht*, n. -i., result of former deeds; earlier deeds; np., 2657.
eald-hláford, m., old(perhaps 'dear' or 'rightful') lord; gs. -es, 2778 (i.e., Béowulf).
eald-metod**, m., god of old; 945.
ealdor, aldor, m., chief, lord, prince, (elder); aldor 56, 369, 392, ealdor 1644, 2920; ds. aldre 346, ealdre 592; as. aldor 668, ealdor 1848. [cp. alderman]
ealdor, aldor, (*), n., life; gs. aldres 822, 1002, 1565, ealdres 1338, 2061, 2443, 2790; ds. aldre 661, 680, 1434 (vitals), 1447, 1469, 1478, 1524, ealdre 1442, 1655, 2133, 2396, 2481, 2599, 2624, 2825, 2924; on aldre (ever), 1779; tó aldre, for ever, always, all the time, 2005, 2498, áwa ~, 955; as. aldor, 1371; dp. aldrum, 510, 538. [Go. -aldrs]
(e)aldor-bealu*, n. -wa., injury to life, death; as. aldor-, 1676.
(e)aldor-cearu**, f., life-care, great sorrow; ds. aldorceare, 906.
(e)aldor-dagas**, m.p. (sing: -dæg), days of life dp. aldordagum 718, ealder, 757.
(e)aldor-gedál*, n., separation from life, death; aldor-, 805. [cp. daélan; líf-gedál]
ealdor-gewinna*, wk.m., life-enemy, deadly enemy; dire foe; 2903.
(e)aldor-léas(**)+, adj., **lord-less, lacking a king; npm. aldor[lé]ase, 15.
ealdor-léas**, adj., lifeless, dead; asm. aldorléasne 1587, ealdor-, 3003.
(e)aldor-þegn(*), m., chief thane; as. aldor-, 1308.
eald-sweord**, n., ancient/old sword; as. ealdsweord (eotenisc), 1558, 2616, 2979, (similarly) 1663.
eal-fela*, n. -u. (indecl.), very much (w/ gen.), a great many; acc., 869, 883.
eal(l)-gearo*, adj. -wa., quite ready; eall-, 2241; eal-, nsf. 1230 (alert or willing), nsn. 77.
ealgian, w2., protect, defend; (feorh) ~, 796, 2655, 2668; pret. 3 sg. ealgode, 1204. [cp. ealh 'temple'; Lat. arcére]
eal(l)-gylden, adj., all-golden; nsn. (swýn) ealgylden ('entirely covered with gold', Stjerna 6), 1111; asn. (segn) eallgylden ('gold-wrought', i.e., 'made of or intermixed with threads of gold wire', Earle 107 - (?) ), 2667.
eall-íren**, adj. -ja., all of iron; asn.wk. -írenne, 2338.
ealo-, ealu-benc, **, f. -i., ale-bench; ds. ealobence, 1029; ealubence, 2867. [ealu]
ealo-drincend(e)**, m. -c., (pres. ptc.) [pl.], ale-drinker; np. ealodrincende, 1945.
éa-lond, n., water-land, **sea-board; as., 2334. [island]
ealo-, ealu-waége, **, n. -ja., ale-cup/flagon; as. ealowaége 481, 495, ealuwaége 2021.
ealu-scerwen**, f. -jó., (dispensing of ale i.e.) bitter anguish/distress/terror (?) (also, see Wrenn, glossary); 769 (n.). cp. meoduscerwen, Andreas 1524.
éam, m., (maternal) uncle; éäm, 881. [eme (obs., dial.); OHG óheim, Ger. Oheim; cf. Go. awó 'grandmother', Nep. mámá 'maternal uncle']
Éan-mund, m., Swedish prince, son of Óhthere; gs. -es, 2611. [éad 'wealth'; mund 'hand', 'protection']
eard, m., land, estate, region, dwelling, home; 2198; ds. earde, 56, 2654, 2736; as. eard, 104, 1132, 1377, 1500, 1727, 2493; np. (sg. meaning) eardas, 1621.
eardian, w2., (1) dwell, remain; pret. 3 pl. eardodon, 3050. (2) inhabit; inf. eardian, 2589; pret. 3 sg. eardode, 166.
eard-lufu (-lufe), **, (wk.)f., (home-love), dear home; as. eardlufan, 692.
earfoþe, n. -ja., hardship, hard struggle; earfoþ', 902; ap. earfeþo, 534. [arveth, arch.; cp. Go. arbaiþs, Ger. Arbeit]
earfoð-líce, adv., with difficulty, painfully, sorrowfully; 1636, 1657, 2822, 2934; with torture, impatiently, 86, 2303.
earfoð-þrág**, f., (time of tribulation), distress; as. -e, 283.
earg, adj., cowardly, spiritless, craven; vile, wretched, useless; slothful, sluggish; gsm. -es, 2541. [argh, arch. cp. Ger. arg]
earm, m., arm; ds. -e, 2361; as. earm, 749, 835, 972; dp. -um, 513. [Go. arms]
earm, adj., wretched, distressed, forlorn, pitiful, poor; 2368; dsf. -re, 2938. -Comp. asm. -ran, 577. [Ger. arm; cf. Go. armahaírts]
earme, adv., wretchedly; 1117.
earm-béag(**)+, m., arm-ring, bracelet; gp. -a, 2763.
earm-[h]réad**, f., arm-ornament; np. -e, 1194.
earm-líc, adj., miserable, pitiable, wretched; 807.
earm-sceapen, adj. (pp.), wretched, miserable; 1351.
earn, m., eagle; ds. -e, 3026. see Earna-næs, 3031. [erne; cp. Ger. Aar, Go. ara, Gr. ορνις]
Earna-næs, m., a promontory in the land of the Geats, near the scene of the dragon fight; as. 3031. ['Eagle-Ness' : earn 'eagle']
eart, see eom.
éastan, adv., from the east; 569, [F. 3].
Éast-Dene, see Dene.
eatol, see atol.
éaðe, adj. -ja., easy, pleasant; nsm. éðe, 2586; nsn. ýðe, 1002, 2415; npf. éaðe, 228. [eath (sc.); cp. OS. óði, Ger. Öde, Go. auþs ('waste', 'abandoned'). The éa-form perhaps due to influence of adv.] (cp. ýðe-líce)
éaðe, adv., easily; éaþe mæg, 478, 2291, 2764.
éað-fynde*, adj. -ja., easy to find; 138 (implying 'a great number', 'all').
(ge-)éawan, see (ge-)ýwan.
eaxl, f., shoulder; ds. -e, 816, 1117, 1537, 1547; as. ~, 835, 972; dp. -um, 358, 2853. [cp. axle; Ger. Achsel]
eaxl-gestealla(*), wk.m., shoulder-companion, comrade; 1326; ap. -gesteallan, 1714.
éc, see éac.
éce, adj. -ja., perpetual, eternal, everlasting; éce (drihten), 108; nsn. (or m.), 2719; dsm. écum (dryhtne), 2796; dsm.wk. écean (~), 1692, 1779, 2332; asm. écne (raéd), 1201; apm. éce (raédas), 1760. [cp. OE. ác 'oak'; cf. Go. ajuk-dúþs 'eternal', Ger. ewig]
ecg, f. -jó., edge, sword; 1106, 1459, 1524, 1575, 1763, 2506, 2508, 2577, 2772, 2778; ds. ecge, 2876; as. ~, 1549; np. ecga 2828, ecge 1148, 2683; gp. ecga, 483, 805, 1168; dp. ecgum, 1287, 1559, 1772, 2140, 2485, 2564, 2614, 2939, 2961; ap. ecge, 1812. [Ger. Ecke, ON. OFris. egg, OS. eggia, OHG. ecka; cp. Gr. ακμη 'acme', Lat. aciés 'edge, sharp' Gr. ακμη 'point' (> MnE. acme), Lith. aks`tì-s 'spit'] --Cpds.: brún-, heard-, stýl-.
ecg-bana**, wk.m., slayer with the sword; ds. -banan, 1262.
ecg-clif**, n., sea-cliff (=ég-clif), or cliff with an edge or brink, steep cliff; as., 2893.
ecg-hete*, m. -i., sword-hate, hostility, war; [84]; as., 1738.
Ecg-láf, m., a Dane, father of Unferð; gs. Ecgláfes: ~ bearn, 499; sunu ~, 590, [980], 1808; mago ~, 1465. [ecg 'sword', 'edge'; láf 'remnant', 'heirloom']
Ecg-þéow, m. -wa., father of Béowulf (tribal affiliation uncertain - see n.343); 263, 373 (Ecgþéo); gs. Ecgþéowes: bearn ~, 529, 631, [957], 1383, 1473, 1651, 1817, 1999 (-ðíoes), 2177, 2425; sunu ~, 1550, 2367, 2398 (-ðíowes); maga ~, 2587. [ecg 'sword'; þéow 'servant'; cf. ON. Eggþér]
ecg-þracu**, f., sword-storm; fight, battle, struggle; as. -þræce, 596.
Ecg-wela, wk.m., (unknown) Danish king; gs. -an, 1710. [ecg 'sword'; wela 'wealth']
éd(e)r, see aéd(e)r.
ed-hwyrft, m. -i., return, change, reverse; 1281. [hweorfan]
ed-wenden*, f. -jó., turning back, reversal, change; edwendan 280, 1774; edwenden, 2188.
ed-wít-líf**, n., life of dishonour/disgrace; 2891. [Go. idweit]
efn, in on efn, prep. phrase, w/ preceding dat., (even with), beside; 2903. [anent; Ger. neben]
efnan, see æfnan.
efne, adv., even, just; efne (swá), 943, 1092, 1223, 1283, 1571, 3057; efne (swylc), 1249. [Go. ibna-, Ger. neben-]
eftstan, w1., hasten (intr.); 3101; pret. 3 sg. efste, 1493. [ofost]
eft, adv., afterwards, back, again; in turn, on the other hand; 22, 56, 123, 135, 281, 296, 603, 692, 853, 871, 1146, 1160, 1377, 1529, 1541, 1556, 1596, 1753, 1804, 1869, 2111, 2117, 2142, 2200, 2319, 2365, 2368, 2387, 2592, 2654, 2790, 2941, 2956, 3044; eft swá aér, 642, 1787; eft sóna (eft-soon(s)), 1762. [Go. afta] [cp. æfter]
eft-cyme*, m. -i., return; gs. eftcymes, 2896. [cuman]
eft-síð**, m., journey back, return; gs. -es, 2783; as. -síð, 1891; ap. -as téah, returned, 1332.
egesa, wk.m., terror, fear, horror; 784; gs. egesan, 1757; ds. ~ (terribly, greatly?), 1827, 2736; as. ~, 3154; þurh egsan, in a terrible manner, 276. [Go. agis; OE. ege, cp. awe; Gr. αχος 'pain'] --Cpds.: gléd-, líg-, wæter-.
eges-full, adj., terrible; 2929.
eges-líc, adj., terrible; nsm., 2309, 2825; nsn., 1649.
egl, f. -ó., spike, talon; 987. [cf. Go. ahs; L. acuo; OE. ecg] egsa, see egesa.
egsian(**)+, w2., terrify; pret. 3 sg. egsode, 6.
ég-stréam*, m., water-stream, pl. sea; dp. -um, 577. [cp. éagor-stréam, aég-weard; éa-lond]
éhtan, w1., w/ gen., pursue, persecute; pret. 3 pl. éhton, 1512; pres. ptc. éhtende (wæs), 159. [óht]
ehti(g)an, see eahtian.
elde, eldo, see ylde, yldo.
el-land*, n., foreign country; as., 3019. [Ger. Elend] [cp. elra]
ellen, n., courage, valour, strength, zeal; 573, 902, 2706; gs. elnes, 1529, 2876; ds. elne, 893, 1097, 2861; on ~, 2506, 2816; (mid) ~, 1493, 2535; elne (semi-adv.), valiantly; quickly: ~ geéode 2676, similarly, 1967, 2917; as. ellen, 602, 2349, 2695, [F. 11], (deed[s] of valour:) 3, 637. [Go. aljan] --Cpd.: mægen-.
ellen-daéd*, f. -i., deed of valour; dp. -um, 867, 900.
ellen-gaést**, m. -i., powerful or bold spirit/demon; 86.
ellen-líce(**), adv., valiantly, boldly; 2122.
ellen-maérþu**, f., fame for courage; heroic deed; dp. -maérþum, 828, 1471.
ellen-róf, adj., famed for courage/valour, brave, strong; 340, 358, 3063; dpm. -um, 1787.
ellen-síoc**, adj., (strength-sick), deprived of strength, mortally wounded; asm. -ne, 2787.
ellen-weorc(*), n., work of valour, courageous deed; as., 661, 958, 1464, 2643; gp. -a, 2399; ap. -weorc, 3173.
elles, adv., else, otherwise; 2520; ~ hwaér, 138; ~ hwergen, 2590. [Go. alja]
ellor*, adv., elsewhere, death; 2451. ][Go. aljar]
ellor-gást, -gaést, **, m. -a., m. -i., alien spirit; -gást, 807, 1621, -gaést 1617; ap. -gaéstas, 1349.
ellor-síð**, m., journey elsewhere, death; 2451.
elne(s), see ellen.
elra*, comp., another; dsm. elran, 752. [cp. Go. aljis, Lat. alius. see el-, elles, ellor]
el-þéodig, adj., foreign, strange; barbarous; apm. elþéodige, 336. [cp. elra]
ende, m. -ja., end; 822, 1254; ds., 224, 2790, 2823; as., 1387, 1734, 2021, 2442, 2844, 3046, 3063. [Go. andeis] --Cpd.: woruld-.
ende-dæg, m., last day, death; 3035; as., 637.
ende-dógor*, n., last day, death; gs., -dógores, 2896.
ende-láf**, f., last remnant; 2813.
ende-léan(*), n., final reward or retribution; as., 1692.
ende-saéta**, wk.m., one stationed at the (end) extremity of a territory (i.e. coast-guard); 241. [sittan]
ende-stæf(*), m., end, conclusion; as., 1753. see fácen-stafas.
(ge-)endian, w2., end; pp. geendod, 2311.
enge, adj. -ja., narrow, close, constrained; severe, painful, cruel; apm., 1410 (cheerless?). [Go. aggwus, Ger. eng, Skt. ahú- 'narrow']
ent, m. -i., giant; gp. enta (geweorc), 2717, 2774, similarly, 1669.
entisc**, adj., made by giants; giant(ish?); asm. -ne 2929.
(ge)-éode, see (ge-)gán. [Go. iddja]
eodor, m., (1) enclosure, precinct; ap. (under, 'inside') eoderas, 1037. (2)* protector, prince (w/ gen. pl.); ns. eodur, 663, eodor 1044; vs. eodor, 428. (cp. hléo).
eofer, eofor, m., boar; figure of a boar on helmet: eofer, 1112; ap. eoferas, 1328; boar banner: as. eafor, 2152. [*Go. ibrs (in pr. names Ever-múd, -wulf, Ev(o)r-ald), OS. evur, OHG. ebur, Ger. Eber; cf. ON. jofurr 'prince, leader']
Eofor, m., a Geat, son of Wonréd, brother of Wulf, slayer of Ongenþéow; gs. Eofores, 2486, Eafores, 2964; ds. Iofore, 2993, 2997. [eofor 'boar']
eofer-spréot(**)+, m., boar-spear; dp. -um, 1437.
eofor-líc**, n., boarlike (thing); figure of a boar; np., 303. (see líc, swín-líc)
eofoð, see eafoð.
eolet**, sea? voyage?; gs. -es, 224.
eom, anv., am, is, are (sometimes used as auxil. w/ pp. of trans. or intrans. verbs); 1 sg. eom, 335, 407, 1475, 2527, [F. 24]; 2 sg. eart, 352, 506, 1844, 2813; 3 sg. is 31 times, 248, 256, 272, etc., [F. 24, 26], ys 2093, 2910, 2999, 3084; negat. nis, 249, 1361, 1373, 2458, 2532; 1 pl. synt, 260, 342; 2 pl. syndon, 237, 393; 3 pl. sint 388, synt 364, syndon 257, 361, 1230; opt. 3 sg. síe 435, 3105, síë 682, sig 1778, sý 1941, sÿ 1831, 2649. --wesan, V, be (often used as auxil. w/ pp. of trans. and sometimes of intrans. verbs); inf. wesan, 272, 1328, 1859, 2708, 2801, 3021; imp. sg. wes, 269, 1170, 1219, 1224, 1480, wæs 407; [pl. wesað, F. 12]; pret. 1 sg. wæs, 240, 1657, 2428, 3087; negat. næs, 2141, 2432; 3 sg. wæs 243 times, 11, 18, 49, 53, 126, 140, etc., [F. 28, 45]; negat. næs 21 times, 134, 1299, etc.; 1 pl waéron, 536, 544, 1820, 3 pl. waéron 15 times, 233, 548, 612, etc., waéran 2475; negat. naéron, 2657; opt. 2 sg. waére, 1478; 3! sg. waére 14 times, 173, 203, 593, etc. [F. 36, 44]; negat. naére, 860, 1167; (3 pl. waéron, 233, 1986?). --Note: pres. ptc. used w/ wæs, waére ('progressive form'): 159, 1105, 3028. Omission of wesan: 617, 992, 1783, 1857, 2091, 2256, 2363, 2497, 2659, of is, wæs (in negat. clauses of general import): 2262, 2297; cp. loosely joined elliptic clauses, 936, 1343, 2035, also 3062. --Cpds.: cniht-, umbor-wesende. --béon, anv., be; the indic. forms used in 'abstract' clauses; thus in generic and gnomic statements: 3 sg. bið, 183, 186, 1059, 1283, 1384, 1388, 1940, 2541, (cp. w/ (n)is, 2532), 2890, 3174, byð 1002, 2277; 3 pl. béoð, 1838; ref. to 'typical' instances: 3 sg. bið, 1742, 1755, 2444, 2450; w/ a future sense: 1 sg. béo, 1825; 3 sg. bið, 299, 660, 949, 1762, 1767, 1784, 1835, 2043; 3 pl. bíoð, 2063; --imp. sg. béo, 386, 1173, 1226, bío 2747. (auxil. w/ pp: 1745, 2063, 2450) [Go. im, L. esum, Gr. ειμι, Skt. asmi
(Éo-mér, m., sometimes MS l.1960 'on geomor' is altered to the supposed name Éomer = son of the Angle king Offa; [eoh 'horse' [ON. jór; cf. OIr. ech, Lat. equus, Gr. 'ιππος, Skt. açva < IE. *ek`wo- 'horse' ? < IE. *ek`w-o-, related to (?) IE. *ók`u- 'swift' (Watkins 23:ekwo-/Pokorny ekuo-s 201); maére 'famous' (- cf. 'OE. Bede' 122.9: Éomaér)])
eorclan-stán, m., precious stone, jewel, gem; ap. -as, 1208. [cp. eorc(n)an-stán, ON. iarknasteinn. cf. OHG. erchan 'egregious', Go. airkn-s 'holy', (airkniþa 'purity'), OE. Eorcon- in names of persons; but more likely of oriental origin (yellow or oriental topaz?); esp. cf. Bang. /ErkO/ (Abbi & Zoller); (also see Tolkien's dwarvish gem, the 'Arkenstone', in The Hobbit, presumably taken from OE.)]
éored-geatwe**, f. -wó., p., warlike equipments; ap., 2866. [éored ( = eoh + rád) 'troop' (orig., of cavalry). see wíg-getáwa]
eorl, m., nobleman, (earl); man, warrior, hero; 761, 795, 1228, 1328, 1512, 1702, 2908, 2951, 3015, 3063, 3077; gs. eorles, 689, 982, 1757; as. eorl, 573, 627, 2695; gp. eorla, 248, 357, 369, 431, 1235, 1238, 1312, 1420, 1891, 2064, 2248, [2361], 2891, 3166, ~ drihten: 1050, 2338, ~ hléo: 791, 1035, 189, 1967, 2142, 2190; dp. eorlum, 769, 1281, 1649, 1676, 2021; ap. eorlas, [6], 2816. [earl, cp. ON. jarl]
*Eorle, m. -i p., Heruli/Heruls [a people who, early in the Germanic Migration Age, terrorised northern Europe/Scandinavia - see notes to MS. & dual-language texts], ap. [6].
eorl-gestréon*, n., (noblemen's) treasure, riches; gp. -a, 2244.
eorl-gewaéde**, n. -ja., dress of a warrior, armour; dp. (sg. meaning) -gewaédum, 1442.
eorlíc (=eorl-líc) (**)(+), adj., manly, heroic, noble; asn. eorlíc, 637.
eorl-scipe*, m. -i., nobility, rank; heroic deed(s); as., 1727, 3173, ~ efnan (& similarly): 2133, 2535 (-scype), 2622, 3007.
eorl-weorod**, n., band of warriors; 2893.
eormen-cyn(n)*, n. -ja., mankind; gs. -cynnes, 1957. [OE. eormen- 'immense', Go. *aírman-s 'big, powerful' (in Go. pr. names Ermana-, Ermina-rícu-s, ~gildu-s', ON. jormun-, OS. irmin-, OHG. erman-, ermun-, irmin-; Gr. ορμενο-ς 'high', Arm. arman 'wonder']
eormen-grund(**), m., spacious (ground) earth; as., 859. (Jul. 10, Christ 482: yrmenne grund (as.))
eormen-láf**, wk.m., immense legacy; as. -láfe, 2234.
Eormen-ríc, m., king of the East Goths; gs. -es, 1201. [eormen 'immense'; ríce 'powerful'; cf. Go. reiks 'ruler']
eorre, see yrre.
eorð-búend(e) (*), m. -c. (pres. ptc.) [pl.], (earth-dweller), man, native; gp. -ra, [F. 32]. (cp. 'Judith' ll.226, 315: landbúend(e)='land-dwellers', i.e., 'natives')
eorð-cyning, m., king of the land; gp. -es, 1155.
eorð-draca**, wk.m., earth-dragon; 2712, 2825.
eorðe, wk.f., earth i.e., both ground and the world we live in; gs. eorþan, 752, 1730, 2727, 3049; ds. ~, 1532, 1822, 2415, 2822, 2855, 3138; as. ~, 92, 2834, 3166, ofer ~, 248, 802, 2007, wíde geond ~, 266, 3099. [Go. aírþa, ON. jorð, OFris. irthe, OS. erða, OHG. erda, Ger. Erde; W. erw 'field']
eorð-reced**, m.n., earth-house; cave dwelling; 2719.
eorð-scræf, n., earth-cavern, cave; gp. -scrafa, 3046.
eorð-sele(**)+, n., earth-hall; cave, underground dwelling; ds. -e, [2232], 2515; as., 2410.
eorð-weal(l) (**)+, m., earth-wall, mound; as., 2334.
Éotan, wk.m.p., 'Jutes'; the people of Finn, the Frisian king; (giants? - see n.1072): gp. Éotena, 1072, 1088, 1141; dp. Éotenum, 1145; --giants, (etins); dp. ~, 902.
eoten(**)(+), m., giant, ettin/eten (obs., dial.); 761 (Grendel); np. -as, 112; gp. -a, 421, 883. [ON. iotunn] [cp. etan(?)]
eotenisc**, adj., made by giants, giantish; asn. (-sweord) ~: 1558, etonisc 2616, eotonisc 2979.
eoton-weard**, f., watch against giants; as. -weard, 668.
éow, see þú.
éowan, see ýwan.
éower, poss. pron., your; 2532; dsn. éowrum, 2885; asm. éowerne, 294, 2537, 2889; asn. éower, 251; npm. éowre, 257; gpm. éowra, 634; dpn. éowrum, 396; [apf. éowre, F. 11]; apn. (?, see þú) éower, 392.
éower, éowic, (pers. pron.), see þú.
ést, f. -i., favour, good will, boon; 3075(?); dp. éstum ('with good will', 'kindly'), 1194, 2149, 2378, ~ miclum 958; --gift, legacy, bequest; as. ést, 2157, 2165, 3076(?n.). [Go. ansts] [unnan]
éste(*), adj. -ja., kind, gracious (w/ gen.: 'in regard to'), 945.
etan, V, eat; 443; 3 sg. eteð, 449. [Go. itan, OS. etan, OHG. ezzan, Ger. essen] --Cpds.: þurh-, fretan.
etonisc, see eotenisc.
éð-begéte(**), adj. -ja., easy to obtain (get); 2861. [see éaðe, be-gitan]
éðe, see éaðe.
éþel, m., native land, home; ds. éþle, 1730, 1774; as.
, 520, 913; éðel, 1960. [Go. utal 'rune-letter o', ON. óðal, OS. óðil, OHG. uodal, -il; cf. Ger. pr. name Ulrich]éðel-riht*, n., ancestral right, priviliges belonding to a hereditary estate, ancestral domain; 2198. see folc-, lond-riht.
éþel-stól*, m., native seat, ancestral throne; ap. -as, 2371. [stool]
éþel-weard*, m., guardian of the native land, king;
weard, 1702, éþelweard, 2210; ds. -e, 616. éðel-wyn(n)**, f. -i., enjoyment of hereditary estate, delight of/for home; ns. éðelwyn, 2885; as. ~, 2493.
éþ-gesýne*, adj. -ja., easily visible (with the connotation of 'in abundance'); 1110; ýþgeséne, 1244. [see éaðe; seen]